Dataset Information

E-cigarette and cigarette purchasing among young adults before and after implementation of California's tobacco 21 policy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tobacco 21 (T21) laws, which raise the minimum legal age of sale of tobacco products to 21, have been proposed and implemented in states and cities across the USA. However, limited data are available on the effect of T21 laws on youth tobacco purchasing behaviours and access to tobacco products.

Methods

Participants in a population-based prospective cohort in southern California completed questionnaires before (n=1609, age=18-19 y) and after (n=1502, age=19-20 y) T21 was implemented in California (June 2016). We examined the prevalence of past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use, and among past 30-day users, purchase location of tobacco products before (pre-) versus after (post-) T21. We also examined whether, post-T21, participants were refused purchase of tobacco products due to their age, and the perceived relative ease of purchasing cigarettes and e-cigarettes (vs pre-T21).

Results

Negligible changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use were observed pre-T21 versus post-T21. At both time points, the majority of past 30-day users purchased cigarettes from gas stations and e-cigarettes from vape shops. Post-T21, the proportion of participants who reported purchasing cigarettes at gas stations decreased. Post-T21, most past 30-day cigarette or e-cigarette users were not refused purchase of cigarettes (65.4%) or e-cigarettes (82.0%) in the past 30 days, despite being under 21; half of the participants felt it was harder to purchase cigarettes (54.3%) and e-cigarettes (43.6%) post-T21.

Conclusion

Post-T21, few participants were refused purchase of any tobacco product, despite the illegality of such sales. Better enforcement of T21 is needed to improve the efficacy of T21 legislation.

SUBMITTER: Schiff S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8260105 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

E-cigarette and cigarette purchasing among young adults before and after implementation of California's tobacco 21 policy.

Schiff Sara S Liu Fei F Cruz Tess Boley TB Unger Jennifer B JB Cwalina Sam S Leventhal Adam A McConnell Rob R Barrington-Trimis Jessica J

Tobacco control 20200227 2

<h4>Background</h4>Tobacco 21 (T21) laws, which raise the minimum legal age of sale of tobacco products to 21, have been proposed and implemented in states and cities across the USA. However, limited data are available on the effect of T21 laws on youth tobacco purchasing behaviours and access to tobacco products.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants in a population-based prospective cohort in southern California completed questionnaires before (n=1609, age=18-19 y) and after (n=1502, age=19-20 y) T21 wa ...[more]

PMID: 32108084

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Project description:IntroductionIn 2016, California enacted a law (T21) prohibiting tobacco product sales to individuals under 21 years of age. Given tobacco use disparities among sexual minority (SM) youth, this study investigated whether California's T21 law was differentially associated with changes in tobacco use for SM and non-SM adolescents.Aims and methodsSecondary analyses of California Healthy Kids Survey data from 2013-2014 to 2018-2019 for 7th, 9th, and 11th graders (N = 2 229 401).ResultsMultilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analyses showed that SM students were more likely than non-SM students to report past-30-day and lifetime cigarette (odds ratio (OR) = 2.47; OR = 2.37), e-cigarette (OR = 1.21; OR = 1.10), smokeless tobacco use (OR = 1.95; OR = 1.56), and use of any tobacco product (OR = 1.94; OR = 1.61). Among SM youth, T21 was associated with significant reductions in lifetime e-cigarette use (OR = 0.66), and lifetime use of any tobacco products (OR = 0.75). These decreases generally were greater than or equivalent to those observed for non-SM youth. For 30-day e-cigarette and any tobacco use, SM youth showed no significant increases, whereas non-SM youth showed significant increases (OR = 1.06; OR = 1.11) following T21. T21 was associated with smaller increases in lifetime cigarette use (OR = 1.34), and larger increases for past-30-day and lifetime smokeless tobacco use (OR = 1.34; OR = 1.28) among SM students, to those observed for non-SM students.ConclusionsCalifornia's T21 policy may help reduce tobacco use disparities among SM students who are more at risk for tobacco use than their non-SM peers.ImplicationsResearch on associations of T21 laws with tobacco use among sexual minority (SM) adolescents is lacking. The potential for unintended consequences of T21 for these adolescents raises concerns about increased health disparities. Importantly, our study generally found California's T21 was associated with reductions in tobacco use among SM students that were equivalent to or greater than those for non-SM students. Future research should investigate whether T21 laws and similar policies have differential effects for other marginalized groups and, if so, identify mechanisms that can be targeted in prevention efforts.

Dataset Information

E-cigarette and cigarette purchasing among young adults before and after implementation of California's tobacco 21 policy.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

E-cigarette and cigarette purchasing among young adults before and after implementation of California's tobacco 21 policy.

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