Dataset Information

Pathogenetic and Prognostic Implications of Increased Mitochondrial Content in Multiple Myeloma.

ABSTRACT: Many studies over the last 20 years have investigated the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations in carcinogenesis. However, the status of the mtDNACN in MM and its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. We examined changes in plasma cell mtDNACN across different stages of MM by applying RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing analysis. We observed a significant increase in the average mtDNACN in myeloma cells compared with healthy plasma cells (157 vs. 40 copies; p = 0.02). We also found an increase in mtDNACN in SMM and newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) paired samples and in consecutive relapses in the same patient. Survival analysis revealed the negative impact of a high mtDNACN in progression-free survival in NDMM (p = 0.005). Additionally, we confirmed the higher expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes in myeloma cells than in healthy plasma cells and we detected single nucleotide variants in several genes involved in mtDNA replication. Finally, we found that there was molecular similarity between "rapidly-progressing SMM" and MM regarding mtDNACN. Our data provide evidence that malignant transformation of myeloma cells involves the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, resulting in increased mtDNA levels, and highlights vulnerabilities and potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of MM. Accordingly, mtDNACN tracking might guide clinical decision-making and management of complex entities such as high-risk SMM.

SUBMITTER: Ruiz-Heredia Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8268477 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pathogenetic and Prognostic Implications of Increased Mitochondrial Content in Multiple Myeloma.

Ruiz-Heredia Yanira Y Ortiz-Ruiz Alejandra A Samur Mehmet K MK Garrido Vanesa V Rufian Laura L Sanchez Ricardo R Aguilar-Garrido Pedro P Barrio Santiago S Martín Miguel A MA Bolli Niccolò N Tai Yu-Tzu YT Szalat Raphaël R Fulciniti Mariateresa M Munshi Nikhil N Martínez-López Joaquín J Linares María M Gallardo Miguel M

Cancers 20210625 13

Many studies over the last 20 years have investigated the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations in carcinogenesis. However, the status of the mtDNACN in MM and its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. We examined changes in plasma cell mtDNACN across different stages of MM by applying RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing analysis. We observed a significant increase in the average mtDNACN in myeloma cells compared with healthy plasma cells (157 vs. 40 copies; < ...[more]

PMID: 34202390

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Project description:Mitochondrial content within axons increases following demyelination in the central nervous system, presumably as a response to the changes in energy needs of axons imposed by redistribution of sodium channels. Myelin sheaths can be restored in demyelinated axons and remyelination in some multiple sclerosis lesions is extensive, while in others it is incomplete or absent. The effects of remyelination on axonal mitochondrial content in multiple sclerosis, particularly whether remyelination completely reverses the mitochondrial changes that follow demyelination, are currently unknown. In this study, we analysed axonal mitochondria within demyelinated, remyelinated and myelinated axons in post-mortem tissue from patients with multiple sclerosis and controls, as well as in experimental models of demyelination and remyelination, in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescent labelling of mitochondria (porin, a voltage-dependent anion channel expressed on all mitochondria) and axons (neurofilament), and ultrastructural imaging showed that in both multiple sclerosis and experimental demyelination, mitochondrial content within remyelinated axons was significantly less than in acutely and chronically demyelinated axons but more numerous than in myelinated axons. The greater mitochondrial content within remyelinated, compared with myelinated, axons was due to an increase in density of porin elements whereas increase in size accounted for the change observed in demyelinated axons. The increase in mitochondrial content in remyelinated axons was associated with an increase in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV activity. In vitro studies showed a significant increase in the number of stationary mitochondria in remyelinated compared with myelinated and demyelinated axons. The number of mobile mitochondria in remyelinated axons did not significantly differ from myelinated axons, although significantly greater than in demyelinated axons. Our neuropathological data and findings in experimental demyelination and remyelination in vivo and in vitro are consistent with a partial amelioration of the supposed increase in energy demand of demyelinated axons by remyelination.

Project description:Mass spectrometry (MS) is a promising tool for monitoring monoclonal protein in plasma cell dyscrasias. We included 480 transplant-eligible newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients from the GMMG-MM5 trial (EudraCT No. 2010-019173-16) and performed a retrospective MS analysis at baseline (480 patients) and at the pre-defined, consecutive time points after induction (444 patients), prior to maintenance (305 patients) and after one year of maintenance (227 patients). We found that MS negativity was significantly associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) even in patients with complete response (CR) at all investigated follow-up time points. The prognostic impact was independent of established risk factors, such as the revised International Staging System. Combining MS and baseline cytogenetics improved the prediction of outcome: MS-positive patients with high-risk cytogenetics had a dismal PFS of 1.9 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-2.3 years) from the start of maintenance. Testing the value of sequential MS prior to and after one year of maintenance, patients converting from MS positivity to negativity had an excellent PFS (median not reached) while patients converting from MS negativity to positivity progressed early (median 0.6 years, 95% CI: 0.3-not reached). Among patients with sustained MS positivity, the baseline high-risk cytogenetic status had a significant impact and defined a group with poor PFS. Combining minimal residual disease (MRD) in the bone marrow and MS allowed the identification of double negative patients with a favorable PFS (median 3.33 years, 95% CI: 3.08-not reached) and no overall survival events. Our study provides strong evidence that MS is superior to conventional response monitoring, highlighting the potential of MS to become a new standard. Our data indicate that MS should be performed sequentially and combined with baseline disease features and MRD to improve its clinical value.Clinical Trials Register: EudraCT No. 2010-019173-16.

Project description:BackgroundWith the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, researchers are making efforts to reveal the genomic landscape of multiple myeloma (MM). However, the clinical significance of many mutations remains poorly defined due to the genetic heterogeneity of MM. To systematically explore the clinical implications of gene mutations and build practical prognostic models, we performed DNA sequencing in newly diagnosed MM patients.MethodsMM cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates using CD138 microbeads and subjected to sequencing with a 387-gene Panel. Nomogram was developed using Cox's proportional hazards model, and candidate variables were screened by stepwise regression. Internal validation was carried out by the bootstrap method.ResultsBetween July 2016 and December 2020, a total of 147 patients were included in our study. We found patients with a higher mutational load had a significantly shorter progress-free survival (PFS) (19.0 vs. 32.0 months, P = 0.0098) and overall survival (OS) (3-year OS rates were 66.1% and 80.0%, P = 0.0290). Mutations in chromatin regulators (CRs) including KMT2C (14.3%), KMT2D (14.3%), EP300 (11.6%) and ARID gene family (31.3%) were highly frequent in newly diagnosed MM patients. Interestingly, proteins encoded by these genes could form a complex called KMT2C/D COMPASS (KCDCOMs). Patients with mutations of ARID gene family had a significantly shorter PFS (15.5 vs. 34.0 months, P = 0.0003) and OS (3-year OS rates were 64.9% and 81.0%, P = 0.0351) than patients without ARID gene mutations. Incorporating ARID gene mutations into the current staging system could successfully improve their prognostic performance. The PFS and OS nomogram models (including 1q21 copies, ARID gene mutations, extramedullary disease, mutational load and TP53 mutations) showed good predicting performance in both training and validation sets.ConclusionOur findings emphasized the importance of CRs mutations in newly diagnosed MM patients and indicated the mutations affecting KCDCOMs might promote the development of MM. High mutational load and harboring mutations in the ARID gene family were novel predictors of adverse prognosis in MM. Prognostic models based on gene mutations were commendably prognostic evaluation methods that could provide a reference for clinical practices.

Dataset Information

Pathogenetic and Prognostic Implications of Increased Mitochondrial Content in Multiple Myeloma.

Publications

Pathogenetic and Prognostic Implications of Increased Mitochondrial Content in Multiple Myeloma.

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