The associations of smoking dependence motives with depression among daily smokers.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

To investigate how strongly smoking dependence and smoking dependence motives are associated with depressive symptoms among daily smokers and if these associations are independent of measured confounders and shared familial factors.

Design

Cross-sectional individual-based and within-pair analyses.

Setting

Fourth wave of the population-based Finnish Twin Cohort conducted in 2011.

Participants

918 daily smokers born 1945-1957 (48% men), mean age 59.5 years including 38 twin pairs discordant for depression.

Measurements

Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale with a cut off value ≥20 for depression. Smoking dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and smoking

SUBMITTER: Piirtola M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8274496 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature