Dataset Information

DDX21 is a p38-MAPK-sensitive nucleolar protein necessary for mouse preimplantation embryo development and cell-fate specification.

ABSTRACT: Successful navigation of the mouse preimplantation stages of development, during which three distinct blastocyst lineages are derived, represents a prerequisite for continued development. We previously identified a role for p38-mitogen-activated kinases (p38-MAPK) regulating blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) cell fate, specifically primitive endoderm (PrE) differentiation, that is intimately linked to rRNA precursor processing, polysome formation and protein translation regulation. Here, we develop this work by assaying the role of DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21), a known regulator of rRNA processing, in the context of p38-MAPK regulation of preimplantation mouse embryo development. We show nuclear DDX21 protein is robustly expressed from the 16-cell stage, becoming exclusively nucleolar during blastocyst maturation, a localization dependent on active p38-MAPK. siRNA-mediated clonal Ddx21 knockdown within developing embryos is associated with profound cell-autonomous and non-autonomous proliferation defects and reduced blastocyst volume, by the equivalent peri-implantation blastocyst stage. Moreover, ICM residing Ddx21 knockdown clones express the EPI marker NANOG but rarely express the PrE differentiation marker GATA4. These data contribute further significance to the emerging importance of lineage-specific translation regulation, as identified for p38-MAPK, during mouse preimplantation development.

SUBMITTER: Bora P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8277471 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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DDX21 is a p38-MAPK-sensitive nucleolar protein necessary for mouse preimplantation embryo development and cell-fate specification.

Bora Pablo P Gahurova Lenka L Hauserova Andrea A Stiborova Martina M Collier Rebecca R Potěšil David D Zdráhal Zbyněk Z Bruce Alexander W AW

Open biology 20210714 7

Successful navigation of the mouse preimplantation stages of development, during which three distinct blastocyst lineages are derived, represents a prerequisite for continued development. We previously identified a role for p38-mitogen-activated kinases (p38-MAPK) regulating blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) cell fate, specifically primitive endoderm (PrE) differentiation, that is intimately linked to rRNA precursor processing, polysome formation and protein translation regulation. Here, we devel ...[more]

PMID: 34255976

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Project description:2-cell (E1.5) stage embryos were cultured in normal KSOM+AA conditions until E3.5 +2h and thereafter 100 embryos each were moved to control or p38-MAPKi conditions and cultured for another 7 hours (E3.5 +9h). The embryos were then washed through pre-warmed (37˚C) Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS, Sigma-Aldrich; Cat. No. H9269) and lysed by moving to a 1.5ml centrifuge tube containing about 15µl of SDT-lysis buffer (4% (w/v) SDS, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6, 0.1 M DTT). Cell lysis was performed by incubating the tubes in a 95˚C thermoblock for 12 minutes, brief centrifugation at 750 rpm, cooling to room temperature and storage at -80˚C. Individual protein solutions were processed by filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method with some modifications (see the associated publication for more details). Resulting peptides were cleaned by liquid-liquid extraction (3 iterations) using water saturated ethyl acetate. 1/10th of the FASP eluate was taken out for direct LC-MS measurements, evaporated completely in SpeedVac concentrator (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Peptides were further transferred into LC-MS vials using 50μL of 2.5% formic acid (FA) in 50% acetonitrile (ACN) and 100μL of pure ACN and with addition of polyethylene glycol (final concentration 0.001%) and concentrated in a SpeedVac concentrator. Phosphopeptides were enriched from the remaining 9/10th of the cleaned FASP eluate after complete solvent evaporation (SpeedVac concentrator) using High-Select™ TiO2 Phosphopeptide Enrichment Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to manufacturer protocol. Phosphopeptide standards (0.1 pmol of MS PhosphoMix 1, 2, 3 Light; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) was added to suspended sample in binding/equilibration buffer. Flow-through fraction was dried and used for second enrichment step using High-Select™ Fe-NTA Phosphopeptide Enrichment Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) according to manufacturer protocol. Resulting phosphopeptides were extracted into LC-MS vials by 2.5% FA in 50% ACN and 100% ACN with addition of polyethylene glycol (final concentration 0.001%) and concentrated in a SpeedVac concentrator). LC-MS/MS analyses of all peptide mixtures (2 peptide solutions for each sample – 1) not enriched; 2) enriched on phosphopeptides using TiO2 enrichment kit) were done using RSLCnano system connected to Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Prior to LC separation, tryptic digests were online concentrated and desalted using trapping column (100 μm × 30 mm, column compartment temperature of 40˚C) filled with 3.5-μm X-Bridge BEH 130 C18 sorbent (Waters). After washing of trapping column with 0.1% FA, the peptides were eluted (flow rate - 300nl/min) from the trapping column onto an analytical column (Acclaim Pepmap100 C18, 3 µm particles, 75 μm × 500 mm; column compartment temperature of 40˚C, Thermo Fisher Scientific) by using 50 or 100 minutes long nonlinear gradient program (1-56% of mobile phase B; mobile phase A: 0.1% FA in water; mobile phase B: 0.1% FA in 80% ACN) for analysis of phosphopeptide enriched fractions or not enriched peptide mixtures, respectively. Equilibration of the trapping column and the analytical column was done prior to sample injection to sample loop. The analytical column outlet was directly connected to the Digital PicoView 550 (New Objective) ion source with sheath gas option and SilicaTip emitter (New Objective; FS360-20-15-N-20-C12) utilization. ABIRD (ESI Source Solutions) was installed. MS data were acquired in a data-dependent strategy with cycle time for 3 seconds and with survey scan (350-2000 m/z). The resolution of the survey scan was 60000 (200 m/z) with a target value of 4×105 ions and maximum injection time of 50ms. HCD MS/MS (30% relative fragmentation energy, normal mass range) spectra were acquired with a target value of 5.0x104. The MS/MS spectra were recorded in Orbitrap at resolving power of 30,000 or 15,000 (200 m/z) and the maximum injection time for MS/MS was 500 or 22 ms for analysis of phosphopeptides enriched fraction or non-enriched peptide mixture, respectively. Dynamic exclusion was enabled for 60 seconds after one MS/MS spectra acquisition. The isolation window for MS/MS fragmentation was set to 1.6 m/z.

Project description:Early embryos are vulnerable to environmental insults, such as medications taken by the mother. Due to increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, more women of childbearing potential are taking cholesterol-lowering medications called statins. Previously, we showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins impaired mouse preimplantation development, by modulating HIPPO signaling, a key regulator for trophectoderm (TE) lineage specification. Here, we further evaluated molecular events that are altered by mevalonate pathway inhibition during the timeframe of morphogenesis and cell lineage specification. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed that statin treatment dysregulated gene expression underlying multiple processes, including cholesterol biosynthesis, HIPPO signaling, cell lineage specification and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We explored mechanisms that link the mevalonate pathway to ER stress, because of its potential impact on embryonic health and development. Upregulation of ER stress-responsive genes was inhibited when statin-treated embryos were supplemented with the mevalonate pathway product, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). Inhibition of geranylgeranylation was sufficient to upregulate ER stress-responsive genes. However, ER stress-responsive genes were not upregulated by inhibition of ras homolog family member A (RHOA), a geranylgeranylation target, although it interfered with TE specification and blastocyst cavity formation. In contrast, inhibition of Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), another geranylgeranylation target, upregulated ER stress-responsive genes, while it did not impair TE specification or cavity formation. Thus, our study suggests that the mevalonate pathway regulates cellular homeostasis (ER stress repression) and differentiation (TE lineage specification) in preimplantation embryos through GGPP-dependent activation of two distinct small GTPases, RAC1 and RHOA, respectively. Translation of the findings to human embryos and clinical settings requires further investigations.

Dataset Information

DDX21 is a p38-MAPK-sensitive nucleolar protein necessary for mouse preimplantation embryo development and cell-fate specification.

Publications

DDX21 is a p38-MAPK-sensitive nucleolar protein necessary for mouse preimplantation embryo development and cell-fate specification.

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