Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kim NH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8289934 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018.
Kim Nam-Hee NH Kawachi Ichiro I
Scientific reports 20210719 1
There have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing diffic ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Background and objectivesWe illustrated sex- and age-specific temporal trends in cardiovascular health among Korean adults.MethodsFrom the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018, we included 61,408 participants aged 20 years or older. The ideal levels of 6 components of cardiovascular health metrics were defined as never-smoking, ≥75 min/week of vigorous or ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m², total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, blood pressure (BP) <120/80 mmHg, and fasting glucose <100 mg/dL. Temporal trends in the number of ideal cardiovascular health components and distribution of each component were assessed by sex and age.ResultsThe average number of ideal cardiovascular health components decreased from 3.37 in 2007-2009 to 2.86 in 2016-2018. Never smoking increased from 56.0% to 59.2%, largely contributed by young men. Ideal physical activity halved (41.4-21.3%); such decline was more pronounced in women and with older age. Ideal BMI decreased from 44.3% to 42.2%, more apparently in young and elderly men. In contrast, ideal BMI increased in middle-aged and elderly women. Ideal cholesterol decreased from 65.5% to 50.3%, profoundly in young adults and relatively greater in men. Ideal BP declined from 55.1% to 46.9%, more evidently in men. However, ideal BP discernibly increased in middle-aged women. Ideal glucose decreased from 74.6% to 66.0%, comparatively greater and earlier in men.ConclusionsThe proportion of Korean adults with ideal cardiovascular health decreased between 2007 and 2018, but the course of responsible factors differed across sex and age groups.
| S-EPMC8558568 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to analyze the mortality of heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) through an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. METHODS:We used data on mortality due to cardiovascular disease from 1995 to 2018 in Japan, as determined by Vital Statistics. Age groups from 0 years to 99 years were defined by 5-year increments, and cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift. We used Bayesian APC analysis to decompose the changes in the diseases' mortality rates into age, period, and cohort effects. RESULTS:The period effects for all diseases decreased during the analyzed periods for both men and women. The cohort effects for men increased substantially in cohorts born from around 1940 to the 1970s for all types of cardiovascular diseases. The cohort effects of HD decreased in the cohorts born in the 1970s or later for both men and women. Regarding IHD and CeVD, either a non-increase or decrease of cohort effects was confirmed for cohorts born in the 1970s or later for men, but the effects for women showed a continuously increasing trend in the cohorts born in the 1960s or later. CONCLUSIONS:The cohort effects for IHD and CeVD showed increasing trends in younger generations of women. This suggests that preventive approaches against cardiovascular diseases are needed, particularly for women.
| S-EPMC7280805 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPertussis or whooping cough-one of the most contagious diseases-is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Despite a high vaccination rate, Korea recently experienced a resurgence of pertussis. This study explores patterns and possible explanations for this resurgence through an age-period-cohort analysis.MethodsUsing secondary data from the infectious disease portal of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Korea Statistical Information Service of Statistics Korea, this study analyzed the incidence of pertussis in Korea to determine which factors contributed to the recent increase using an age-period-cohort model.ResultsAnalysis of the age effect indicated that the age group most vulnerable to pertussis was 0-year to 2-year-olds. Analysis of the period effect showed a sharp increase in the incidence rate after 2016. Analysis of the cohort effect showed a significant decrease in incidence beginning with the 1955 birth cohort, with the risk increasing again with the 2000s birth cohort.ConclusionsPrevious studies have suggested 3 main possible explanations for our results. First, the increased incidence rate can be attributed to contact rates. Second, the rate of immunity through natural exposure has decreased due to the low number of circulating pathogens, in turn affecting the trend of infection. Lastly, variations in pathogens may have also contributed to the increase in incidence. Given that the most significant increase in incidence was observed among infants younger than 1 year old, sufficient maternal immunity must be prioritized to provide passive immunity to newborns via the placenta.
| S-EPMC8666685 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsGermany is experiencing a decline in alcohol consumption but not for every alcoholic beverage type. Given the differential health impacts of alcoholic beverage type, it is important to understand the drivers of these trends. We investigated: (a) temporal trends in beverage preference and (b) the effects of age, period and cohort on these trends.MethodsData came from nine waves (1995-2018; ntotal = 75,550) of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse, a nationally representative household survey of individuals aged 18-59 years. The quantity of beer, wine, spirits and mixed drinks drank in the last 30 days was transformed into grammes of ethanol, and the beverage type preference was estimated as the proportion of total ethanol consumption. Fractional multinomial logit regression was applied to analyse the age, period and cohort effects on temporal trends of beverage preference by sex.ResultsThe preference for spirits and mixed drinks decreased with increasing age, while the preference for wine increased with no age effect on beer. There was a general decrease in the preference for beer and an increase in the preference for wine among both sexes, with an additional increase in the preference for spirits in males.ConclusionTrends in beverage preference were more related to individual ageing and changes in the whole population than to cohorts. With the continued reduction in alcohol consumption, the decreasing preference for beer and the growing preference for wine suggest a positive development. Trends of an increasing preference for spirits in males are of concern.
| S-EPMC10331927 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCancer surveillance researchers analyze incidence or mortality rates jointly indexed by age group and calendar period using age-period-cohort models. Many studies consider age- and period-specific rates in two or more strata defined by sex, race/ethnicity, etc. A comprehensive characterization of trends and patterns within each stratum can be obtained using age-period-cohort (APC) estimable functions (EF). However, currently available approaches for joint analysis and synthesis of EF are limited.MethodsWe develop a new method called Comparative Age-Period-Cohort Analysis to quantify similarities and differences of EF across strata. Comparative Analysis identifies whether the stratum-specific hazard rates are proportional by age, period, or cohort.ResultsProportionality imposes natural constraints on the EF that can be exploited to gain efficiency and simplify the interpretation of the data. Comparative Analysis can also identify differences or diversity in proportional relationships between subsets of strata ("pattern heterogeneity"). We present three examples using cancer incidence from the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program: non-malignant meningioma by sex; multiple myeloma among men stratified by race/ethnicity; and in situ melanoma by anatomic site among white women.ConclusionsFor studies of cancer rates with from two through to around 10 strata, which covers many outstanding questions in cancer surveillance research, our new method provides a comprehensive, coherent, and reproducible approach for joint analysis and synthesis of age-period-cohort estimable functions.
| S-EPMC10585891 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThis study evaluated smoking trends among career military personnel in South Korea. After a tobacco tax increase in 2015, the tobacco control program for career military personnel expanded significantly. This study explores long-term smoking trends among career military personnel through age-period-cohort (APC) analysis within the context of targeted tobacco control policies.MethodsThis secondary data analysis utilized data from 12052 individuals aged 19--54 years, identified as career military personnel in the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) from 2008 to 2022. APC analysis with the intrinsic estimator (IE) method was conducted to address multicollinearity and accurately assess the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort to smoking prevalence.ResultsSmoking prevalence significantly decreased among career military personnel, from 46.2% in 2008 to 34.1% in 2022. The highest prevalence of smoking was initially observed in the age group of 22-24 years. Although overall prevalence declined, a slight increase was observed in the age group of mid-30s to early 40s, suggesting that smoking behavior varied across age groups. A significant decrease occurred between 2014 and 2016, with individuals born in the 1970s exhibiting the highest smoking prevalence, and those born after 1980 demonstrating a notably lower smoking prevalence.ConclusionsAlthough smoking prevalence has declined, the distinct age, period, and cohort characteristics of career military personnel necessitate tailored tobacco control policies that consider the various aspects of military life.
| S-EPMC11624574 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesAlthough the nationwide inoculation rate of varicella vaccine was approximately 95% in Korean children recently, the number of notified varicella cases is unexpectedly continuously increasing till now. To suggest some hypotheses regarding this discrepancy, an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis as a descriptive epidemiology study was conducted for children residing in Jeju-do, Korea.MethodsThe raw data were obtained from the nationwide database for insurance claim of healthcare fee provided by the National Health Insurance Service, Korea. The selection criteria were children aged 2-13 years who visited any healthcare center due to varicella from 2005 to 2016 while residing in Jeju-do. After calculating the birth cohort-specific crude incidence rates by age and year, the intrinsic estimator method was used to perform the APC analysis.ResultsAs the annual crude incidence rates decreased with increasing age between 2005 and 2016, the age and period effects also decreased. The intrinsic estimator coefficients suggesting the cohort effect shifted from positive to negative in 2011, the starting year of free varicella vaccine program in Jeju-do.ConclusionsThe results suggested that inoculated varicella vaccines have preventive effects. However, further studies to evaluate waning immunity would be needed.
| S-EPMC6302224 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aggregate-level age-crime distributions in Western countries are predominantly right-skewed and adolescent-spiked. Based on Western data, Hirschi and Gottfredson (1983) asserted that this age-crime pattern is universally invariant across time and places. This study's overall goal is to rigorously examine Hirschi and Gottfredson's invariant premise within a non-Western country, focusing on the stability and change in the age-crime patterns of South Korea from 1980 to 2019. Specifically, two research questions are addressed: (1) whether the average age-arrest curves in South Korea diverge from the invariant premise after adjusting for period and cohort effects; (2) how period and cohort effects modify the age-arrest curves. To examine these questions, I applied the age-period-cohort-interaction model (APC-I) to analyze the official age-specific arrest statistics for various offense types from 1980 to 2019 in South Korea. Findings suggested that the age-crime patterns of homicide, assault, and fraud are characterized by spread-out distributions and advanced peak ages. After adjusting for period and cohort effects, most of the age-crime curves are still robustly divergent from the age-crime distributions found in Western countries. Cohort and period effects have modified the age-crime patterns, but arrests in South Korea are largely concentrated among midlife age groups older than 30. These results provide additional compelling evidence contesting Hirschi and Gottfredson's invariance thesis, underscoring the substantial impact of country-specific processes, historical context, and cultural factors on the age-crime relationship.
| S-EPMC10980243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the trends in Hepatitis A incidence associated with age, period, and birth cohorts from 2007 to 2021 in Jiangsu Province, China, and projects the future burden through 2031.MethodsData on Hepatitis A cases in Jiangsu Province from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. Joinpoint regression analysis identified significant changes in incidence trends. The age-period-cohort model assessed the effects of age, period, and cohort on Hepatitis A incidence rates. Projections for 2022-2031 were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2021, Hepatitis A incidence in Jiangsu Province significantly declined, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -10.77%. The decline was more pronounced in males (AAPC = -12.87%) compared to females (AAPC = -7.46%). The overall net drift was -10.61% (95% CI: -11.14% to -10.07%), the net drift for males was -12.77% (95% CI: -13.40% to -12.13%), which was higher than that for females at -7.27% (95% CI: -7.93% to -6.60%). The local drift indicates the incidence of hepatitis A decreased gradually, with the rate of decline slowing in the later period. Descriptive analysis revealed the highest incidence of Hepatitis A cases in the 40-59 age group, while age-period-cohort analysis indicated higher incidence rates in younger individuals. The cohort effect showed a continuous decline from the earliest cohort in 1923-1927 (Overall RR = 64.93, 95% CI: 42.55 to 99.07) to the most recent cohort in 1993-1997 (Overall RR = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.01). But Bayesian age-period-cohort model projections for 2022-2031 suggest that incidence rates will remain low, though they may slightly increase by 2031, with peak incidence shifting to the 60-64 age group.ConclusionThe incidence of Hepatitis A in Jiangsu Province has significantly decreased from 2007 to 2021, primarily due to public health measures and vaccination programs. Future efforts should focus on maintaining vaccination coverage and improving sanitation and hygiene practices to sustain these achievements.
| S-EPMC11652658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo understand a 20-year trend of gender-specific smoking prevalence among adults in South Korea.DesignAge-period-cohort analysis using the intrinsic estimator method was applied to examine the separate contribution of age, period and cohort effect on smoking prevalence. The Driving Force-Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action (DPSEEA) framework was used to explain the observed smoking trends by mapping potential determinants and to address policy implications.SettingGeneral adult population in South Korea.Participants34 828 men and 43 632 women who aged 19-78 years, were not currently pregnant and were without a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or cancer.Outcome measuresGender-specific current smoking prevalence using the 1998-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsOur results showed gender-specific age and birth cohort effects. More specifically, the smoking prevalence peaked at their mid-20s (prevalence rate ratio (PRR): 1.54, 95% CI: 1.49 to 1.59) and cohort born in 1959-1963 (PRR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.57 to 1.70) and then decreased in men. On the other hand, in women, the smoking prevalence consistently increased until their mid-40s (PRR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.27 to 1.84) and in recent birth cohort groups (PRR in 1994-1998 cohort: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.13). The period effects declined from 1998-2002 to 2003-2007, following increasing fluctuations in both genders. The smoking-DPSEEA framework showed the absence of policy actions to target female smokers and emphasised a proactive approach that tackles the upstream causes for smoking in women.ConclusionsMen and women are clearly in different phases of the smoking epidemic in Korean population, and gender-tailored policies should be implemented.
| S-EPMC9006811 | biostudies-literature