Dataset Information

Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure.

ABSTRACT: The conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH₃) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO₂). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH₃ following CO₂ pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg^-1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO₂ + NH₃ promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36-83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO₂ + NH₃, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH₃ + CO₂, is equivalent to 11,732-42,232 Mg N year^-1, valued at 6-21.5 million USD year^-1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO₂ + NH₃ can offset 23-82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.

SUBMITTER: Krounbi L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8298528 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure.

Krounbi Leilah L Enders Akio A Gaunt John J Ball Margaret M Lehmann Johannes J

Scientific reports 20210722 1

The conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg-1, 1260 ...[more]

PMID: 34294794

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Project description:Storing manure is an essential aspect of nutrient management on dairy farms. It presents the opportunity to use manure efficiently as a fertilizer in crop and pasture production. Typically, the manure storages are constructed as earthen, concrete, or steel-based structures. However, storing manure can potentially emit aerial pollutants to the atmosphere, including nitrogen and greenhouse gases, through microbial and physicochemical processes. We have characterized the composition of the microbiome in two manure storage structures, a clay-lined earthen pit and an aboveground concrete storage tank, on commercial dairy farms, to discern the nitrogen transformation processes, and thereby, inform the development of mitigation practices to preserve the value of manure. First, we analyzed the 16S rRNA-V4 amplicons generated from manure samples collected from several locations and depths (0.3, 1.2, and 2.1-2.75 m below the surface) of the storages, identifying a set of Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASVs) and quantifying their abundances. Then, we inferred the respective metabolic capabilities. These results showed that the manure microbiome composition was more complex and exhibited more location-to-location variation in the earthen pit than in the concrete tank. Further, the inlet and a location with hard surface crust in the earthen pit had unique consortia. The microbiomes in both storages had the potential to generate ammonia but lacked the organisms for oxidizing it to gaseous compounds. However, the microbial conversion of nitrate to gaseous N2, NO, and N2O via denitrification and to stable ammonia via dissimilatory nitrite reduction seemed possible; minor quantities of nitrate was present in manure, potentially originating from oxidative processes occurring on the barn floor. The nitrate-transformation linked ASVs were more prevalent at the near-surface locations and all depths of the inlet. Anammox bacteria and archaeal or bacterial autotrophic nitrifiers were not detected in either storage. Hydrogenotrophic Methanocorpusculum species were the primary methanogens or methane producers, exhibiting higher abundance in the earthen pit. These findings suggested that microbial activities were not the main drivers for nitrogen loss from manure storage, and commonly reported losses are associated with the physicochemical processes. Finally, the microbiomes of stored manure had the potential to emit greenhouse gases such as NO, N2O, and methane.

Project description:Diazotrophic bacteria can reduce N2 into plant-available ammonium (NH4 +), promoting plant growth and reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements. However, there are few systematic studies on the effects of diazotrophic bacteria on biological N2 fixation (BNF) contribution rate and host plant N uptake and metabolism. In this study, the interactions of the diazotrophic Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18 with wheat, maize, and cucumber were investigated when it was inoculated to these plant seedlings grown in both low N and high N soils, with un-inoculated plants as controls. This study showed that GFP-tagged P. beijingensis BJ-18 colonized inside and outside seedlings, forming rhizospheric and endophytic colonies in roots, stems, and leaves. The numbers of this bacterium in the inoculated plants depended on soil N levels. Under low N, inoculation significantly increased shoot dry weight (wheat 86.1%, maize 46.6%, and cucumber 103.6%) and root dry weight (wheat 46.0%, maize 47.5%, and cucumber 20.3%). The 15N-isotope-enrichment experiment indicated that plant seedlings derived 12.9-36.4% N from BNF. The transcript levels of nifH in the inoculated plants were 0.75-1.61 folds higher in low N soil than those in high N soil. Inoculation enhanced NH4 + and nitrate (NO3 -) uptake from soil especially under low N. The total N in the inoculated plants were increased by 49.1-92.3% under low N and by 13-15.5% under high N. Inoculation enhanced activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) in plants, especially under low N. The expression levels of N uptake and N metabolism genes: AMT (ammonium transporter), NRT (nitrate transporter), NiR (nitrite reductase), NR, GS and GOGAT (glutamate synthase) in the inoculated plants grown under low N were up-regulated 1.5-91.9 folds, but they were not obviously changed under high N. Taken together, P. beijingensis BJ-18 was an effective, endophytic and diazotrophic bacterium. This bacterium contributed to plants with fixed N2, promoted plant growth and N uptake, and enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in N uptake and assimilation in plants. However, these positive effects on plants were regulated by soil N status. This study might provide insight into the interactions of plants with beneficial associative and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria.

Dataset Information

Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure.

Publications

Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure.

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