Dataset Information

Fat Deposition in the Muscle of Female and Male Yak and the Correlation of Yak Meat Quality with Fat.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the differences in fat deposition between female (FYs) and male yaks (MYs). Compared with MYs, the tenderness, L*, marbling, absolute content of fat, and most fatty acids (FAs) of longissimus dorsi (LD) in FYs were higher or better (p < 0.05), whereas the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs were lower (p < 0.01). The absolute content of fat, C18:0, cis-C18:2, cis-C18:1, and C24:0 were positively correlated with L*45 min, b*24 h, tenderness, and marbling score of LD in FYs and MYs (p < 0.05), respectively. LPL, FATP2, ELOVL6, HADH, HACD, and PLINS genes play a crucial role in improving the marbling score and tenderness of yak meat. The results of gene expression and protein synthesis showed the effect of gender to FA biosynthesis, FA transport, lipolysis, and FA oxidation in the adipose tissue of yak was realized by the expressions of ME1, SCD, ACSL5, LPL, FABP1, PLIN4, and PLIN2 in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling. This study established a theoretical basis for the improvement of the meat quality of yak and molecular breeding.

SUBMITTER: Xiong L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8300776 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fat Deposition in the Muscle of Female and Male Yak and the Correlation of Yak Meat Quality with Fat.

Xiong Lin L Pei Jie J Chu Min M Wu Xiaoyun X Kalwar Qudratullah Q Yan Ping P Guo Xian X

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20210720 7

This study aimed to explore the differences in fat deposition between female (FYs) and male yaks (MYs). Compared with MYs, the tenderness, L*, marbling, absolute content of fat, and most fatty acids (FAs) of <i>longissimus dorsi</i> (LD) in FYs were higher or better (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas the relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The absolute content of fat, C18:0, <i>cis</i>-C18:2, <i>cis</i>-C18:1, and C24:0 were positively corr ...[more]

PMID: 34359275

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Project description:<h4>Background: </h4> The study of fat deposition in yaks of different gender plays a positive role in improving the meat quality and breeding of yaks. In this work, the characteristic of fat deposition in male and female yaks, and the regulations of gender difference to fat deposition in yaks were explored. <h4>Result: </h4> Compared with male yaks, the female yaks possessed higher or more body fat rate (BFR) of visceral except liver, fat content in muscle and liver and subcutaneous fat ( p < 0.05); the cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), leptin (LEP) and cortisol (COR) in serum of female yaks were higher ( p < 0.05 ); meanwhile, the fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) in livers of female yaks were higher ( p < 0.05). The metabonomics analysis showed 13(S)-HODE, linoleic acid and linolenic acid and myo-inositol in subcutaneous fat of female yaks increased ( p < 0.05 ); meanwhile, the transcriptomic analysis the gene expressions of prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), acyl-coenzyme a-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta (FNTB), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), DGAT2, very long chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME1), SCD, acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) and perilipin-5 (PLIN5), LEP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1) upregulated in subcutaneous fat of female yaks ( p FDR < 0.05), whereas the gene expressions of CPT1, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1(ACAA1) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) downregulated ( p FD R < 0.01). <h4>Conclusion: </h4> The fat and cholesterol synthesis increased in liver of female yaks, and the fat transport in blood of female yaks increased too. In subcutaneous fat of female yaks, the high levels of myo-inositol activated the calcium signaling, following the increase of secretion in fat cell. Then, the high levels of LEP and 13(S)-HODE strengthened PPAR signal, and the fat synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis of the linoleic and linolenic acid being the precursor increased, whereas lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation decreased by the regulation of downstream genes in PPAR signal. Meanwhile, SREBF1 also played an important part in the regulation of fat metabolism in yaks of different gender.

Project description:BackgroundThe Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in meat products, which is positively correlated with meat quality, is an important trait considered by consumers. The regulation of IMF deposition is species specific. However, the IMF-deposition-related mRNA and non-coding RNA and their regulatory network in yak (Bos grunniens) remain unknown. High-throughput sequencing technology provides a powerful approach for analyzing the association between transcriptome-related differences and specific traits in animals. Thus, the whole transcriptomes of yak muscle and adipose tissues were screened and analyzed to elucidate the IMF deposition-related genes. The muscle tissues were used for IMF content measurements.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the 0.5- and 2.5-year-old yaks. Several mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were generally expressed in both muscle and adipose tissues. Between the 0.5- and 2.5-year-old yaks, 149 mRNAs, 62 miRNAs, 4 lncRNAs, and 223 circRNAs were differentially expressed in muscle tissue, and 72 mRNAs, 15 miRNAs, 9 lncRNAs, and 211 circRNAs were differentially expressed in adipose tissue. KEGG annotation revelved that these differentially expressed genes were related to pathways that maintain normal biological functions of muscle and adipose tissues. Moreover, 16 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, 3 lncRNAs, and 5 circRNAs were co-differentially expressed in both types of tissue. We suspected that these co-differentially expressed genes were involved in IMF-deposition in the yak. Additionally, LPL, ACADL, SCD, and FASN, which were previously shown to be associated with the IMF content, were identified in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network that was constructed on the basis of the IMF deposition-related genes. Three ceRNA subnetworks also revealed that TCONS-00016416 and its target SIRT1 "talk" to each other through the same miR-381-y and miR-208 response elements, whereas TCONS-00061798 and its target PRKCA, and TCONS-00084092 and its target LPL "talk" to each other through miR-122-x and miR-499-y response elements, respectively.ConclusionTaken together, our results reveal the potential mRNA and noncoding RNAs involved in IMF deposition in the yak, providing a useful resource for further research on IMF deposition in this animal species.

Dataset Information

Fat Deposition in the Muscle of Female and Male Yak and the Correlation of Yak Meat Quality with Fat.

Publications

Fat Deposition in the Muscle of Female and Male Yak and the Correlation of Yak Meat Quality with Fat.

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