Dataset Information

Dynamic regulation of small RNAs in anthocyanin accumulation during blueberry fruit maturation.

ABSTRACT: Blueberry is rich in anthocyanins which accumulate during fruit maturation. Previous studies mostly focus on their translational/transcriptional regulation, but usually underestimate their post-transcriptional regulation, e.g. small RNAs. This study aimed to identify sRNAs and their potential pathways associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. During three typical phases of fruit maturation (green, pink, and blue), we investigated dynamic changes of sRNA by deep sequencing sRNA and examined the interaction of sRNAs with their target genes by degradome and RLM-PCR. During maturation, up-regulation of VcmiRNA156 and VcmiR393 resulted in down-regulation of VcSPLs and VcTIR1/AFBs, respectively. An important gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, VcDFR, was substantially down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, and potentially responded to regulation of VcSPLs and VcTIR1/AFBs. Additionally, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by interacting with VcmiR393-TIR1/AFBs and VcmiRNA319-VcMYBs respectively. This information provides another insight into blueberry anthocyanin biosynthesis.

SUBMITTER: Li X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8302573 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dynamic regulation of small RNAs in anthocyanin accumulation during blueberry fruit maturation.

Li Xiaobai X Hong Yan Y Jackson Aaron A Guo Fangqi F

Scientific reports 20210723 1

Blueberry is rich in anthocyanins which accumulate during fruit maturation. Previous studies mostly focus on their translational/transcriptional regulation, but usually underestimate their post-transcriptional regulation, e.g. small RNAs. This study aimed to identify sRNAs and their potential pathways associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. During three typical phases of fruit maturation (green, pink, and blue), we investigated dynamic changes of sRNA by deep sequencing sRNA and examined the i ...[more]

PMID: 34301985

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Project description:Fruit ripening is a highly coordinated process involving molecular and biochemical changes that collectively determine fruit quality. The underlying metabolic programs and their transitions leading to fruit ripening remain largely under-characterized in blueberry (Vaccinium sp.), which exhibits atypical climacteric behavior. In this study, we focused on sugar, acid and anthocyanin metabolism in two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars, Premier and Powderblue, during fruit development and ripening. Concentrations of the three major sugars, sucrose (Suc), glucose (Glc), and fructose (Fru) increased steadily during fruit development leading up to ripening, and increased dramatically by around 2-fold in 'Premier' and 2- to 3-fold in 'Powderblue' during the final stage of fruit ripening. Starch concentration was very low throughout fruit development in both cultivars indicating that it does not serve the role of a major transitory carbon (C) storage form in blueberry fruit. Together, these patterns indicate continued import of C, likely in the form of Suc, throughout blueberry fruit development. Concentrations of the predominant acids, malate and quinate, decreased during ripening, and may contribute to increased shikimate biosynthesis which, in-turn, allows for downstream phenylpropanoid metabolism leading to anthocyanin synthesis. Consistently, anthocyanin concentrations were highest in fully ripened blue fruit. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed using a 'Powderblue' fruit ripening transcriptome and targeted fruit metabolite concentration data. A 'dark turquoise' module positively correlated with sugars and anthocyanins, and negatively correlated with acids (malate, quinate), was identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of this module identified transcripts related to sugar, acid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways. Among these, increased transcript abundance of a VACUOLAR INVERTASE during ripening was consistent with sugar storage in the vacuole. In general, transcript abundance of the glycolysis pathway genes was upregulated during ripening. The transcript abundance of PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE (PEP) CARBOXYKINASE increased during fruit ripening and was negatively correlated with malate concentration, suggesting increased malate conversion to PEP, which supports anthocyanin production during fruit ripening. This was further supported by the co-upregulation of several anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Together, this study provides insights into important metabolic programs, and their underlying gene expression patterns during fruit development and ripening in blueberry.

Project description:Tocopherols are plant-derived isoprenoids with vitamin E activity, which are involved in diverse physiological processes in plants. Although their biosynthesis has been extensively investigated in model plants, their synthesis in important fruit crops as Citrus has scarcely been studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to initiate a physiological and molecular characterization of tocopherol synthesis and accumulation in Citrus fruits during maturation. For that purpose, we selected fruit of the four main commercial species: grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (Citrus limon), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), and mandarin (Citrus clementina), and analyzed tocopherol content and the expression profile of 14 genes involved in tocopherol synthesis during fruit maturation in both the flavedo and pulp. The selected genes covered the pathways supplying the tocopherol precursors homogentisate (HGA) (TAT1 and HPPD) and phytyl pyrophosphate (PPP) (VTE5, VTE6, DXS1 and 2, GGPPS1 and 6, and GGDR) and the tocopherol-core pathway (VTE2, VTE3a, VTE3b, VTE1, and VTE4). Tocopherols accumulated mainly as α- and γ-tocopherol, and α-tocopherol was the predominant form in both tissues. Moreover, differences were detected between tissues, among maturation stages and genotypes. Contents were higher in the flavedo than in the pulp during maturation, and while they increased in the flavedo they decreased or were maintained in the pulp. Among genotypes, mature fruit of lemon accumulated the highest tocopherol content in both the flavedo and the pulp, whereas mandarin fruit accumulated the lowest concentrations, and grapefruit and orange had intermediate levels. Higher concentrations in the flavedo were associated with a higher expression of all the genes evaluated, and different genes are suitable candidates to explain the temporal changes in each tissue: (1) in the flavedo, the increase in tocopherols was concomitant with the up-regulation of TAT1 and VTE4, involved in the supply of HGA and the shift of γ- into α-tocopherol, respectively; and (2) in the pulp, changes paralleled the expression of VTE6, DXS2, and GGDR, which regulate PPP availability. Also, certain genes (i.e., VTE6, DXS2, and GGDR) were co-regulated and shared a similar pattern during maturation in both tissues, suggesting they are developmentally modulated.

Dataset Information

Dynamic regulation of small RNAs in anthocyanin accumulation during blueberry fruit maturation.

Publications

Dynamic regulation of small RNAs in anthocyanin accumulation during blueberry fruit maturation.

Similar Datasets

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