Elevated HIV Infection of CD4 T Cells in MRKAd5 Vaccine Recipients Due to CD8 T Cells Targeting Adapted Epitopes.

ABSTRACT: HIV frequently escapes CD8 T cell responses, leading to the accumulation of viral adaptations. We recently demonstrated that during chronic HIV infection, adapted epitopes can promote maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) through direct CD8 T cell interactions and lead to enhanced HIV trans-infection of CD4 T cells. Here, we sought to determine the role of such adaptations following HIV MRKAd5 vaccination. We observed that vaccine-induced adapted epitope-specific CD8 T cells promoted higher levels of DC maturation than nonadapted ones and that these matured DCs significantly enhanced HIV trans-infection. These matured DCs were associated with higher levels of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and a lower level of CXCL5, which have been shown to impact DC maturation, as well as a l

SUBMITTER: Qin K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8312883 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature