Dataset Information

The Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis and Sleep.

ABSTRACT: Sleep has a bidirectional relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and both these homeostatic processes are inter-dependent for robust physiological functioning. The quality and quantity of sleep influence the circadian pattern of TSH and thyroid hormone secretion. Short term sleep restriction significantly reduces the amplitude of nocturnal TSH secretion and may modulate active thyroid hormone secretion, likely through an increased sympathetic tone. Conversely, TSH and active thyroid hormone affect the quantity and architecture of sleep. For instance, low TSH values are permissive for slow wave sleep and maintenance of normal sleep architecture, while the hypo- or hyper-secretion of active thyroid hormones adversely affects the quality and quantity of sleep. Structural thyroid disorders may also be associated with an altered circadian clock - a phenomenon warranting further investigation. In this review, we aim to provide readers a comprehensive review on the associations between the HPT axis and sleep patterns.

SUBMITTER: Shekhar S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8315115 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis and Sleep.

Shekhar Skand S Hall Janet E JE Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna J

Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research 20201024

Sleep has a bidirectional relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and both these homeostatic processes are inter-dependent for robust physiological functioning. The quality and quantity of sleep influence the circadian pattern of TSH and thyroid hormone secretion. Short term sleep restriction significantly reduces the amplitude of nocturnal TSH secretion and may modulate active thyroid hormone secretion, likely through an increased sympathetic tone. Conversely, TSH and a ...[more]

PMID: 34322645

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Project description:Reproduction is an energetically costly phenomenon. Therefore, to optimize reproductive success, male birds invest enough energetic resources for maintaining well-developed testes. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in birds can crosstalk with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, thus orchestrating both the reproduction and metabolism. However, until now, how the free-living birds timely optimize both the energy metabolism and reproduction via HPT-axis is not understood. To uncover this physiological mechanism, we investigated the relationships among body mass, testis size, plasma hormones including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), metabolites including glucose (Glu), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), diencephalon mRNA expressions of type 2 (Dio2) and 3 (Dio3) iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I), and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in a male Eurasian tree sparrow (ETS, Passer montanus). We found significantly larger testis size; elevated diencephalon Dio2 and TRH mRNA expressions, plasma T3, and UA levels; and significantly lowered Glu, TG, and TC levels during mating relative to the non-mating stages in male ETSs. However, Dio3, TSH, GnRH-I, and GnIH mRNA expression did not vary with the stage. Furthermore, life-history stage dependent variation in plasma T3 had both direct effects on the available energy substrates and indirect effects on body mass and testis size, indicating a complex regulation of metabolic pathways through the HPT- and HPG-axes. The identified differences and relationships in mRNA expression, plasma T3 and metabolites, and testis size in male ETSs contribute to our understanding how free-living birds adjust their molecular, endocrinal, and biochemical features to orchestrate their reproductive physiology and metabolism for the maintenance of well-developed testes.

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Dataset Information

The Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis and Sleep.

Publications

The Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis and Sleep.

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