Dataset Information

Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetries in substance dependence: Findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.

ABSTRACT: Brain asymmetry reflects left-right hemispheric differentiation, which is a quantitative brain phenotype that develops with age and can vary with psychiatric diagnoses. Previous studies have shown that substance dependence is associated with altered brain structure and function. However, it is unknown whether structural brain asymmetries are different in individuals with substance dependence compared with nondependent participants. Here, a mega-analysis was performed using a collection of 22 structural brain MRI datasets from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group. Structural asymmetries of cortical and subcortical regions were compared between individuals who were dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, or cannabis (n = 1,796) and nondependent participants (n = 996). Substance-general and substance-specific effects on structural asymmetry were examined using separate models. We found that substance dependence was significantly associated with differences in volume asymmetry of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc; less rightward; Cohen's d = 0.15). This effect was driven by differences from controls in individuals with alcohol dependence (less rightward; Cohen's d = 0.10) and nicotine dependence (less rightward; Cohen's d = 0.11). These findings suggest that disrupted structural asymmetry in the NAcc may be a characteristic of substance dependence.

SUBMITTER: Cao Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8317852 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetries in substance dependence: Findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.

Cao Zhipeng Z Ottino-Gonzalez Jonatan J Cupertino Renata B RB Schwab Nathan N Hoke Colin C Catherine Orr O Cousijn Janna J Dagher Alain A Foxe John J JJ Goudriaan Anna E AE Hester Robert R Hutchison Kent K Li Chiang-Shan R CR London Edythe D ED Lorenzetti Valentina V Luijten Maartje M Martin-Santos Rocio R Momenan Reza R Paulus Martin P MP Schmaal Lianne L Sinha Rajita R Sjoerds Zsuzsika Z Solowij Nadia N Stein Dan J DJ Stein Elliot A EA Uhlmann Anne A van Holst Ruth J RJ Veltman Dick J DJ Wiers Reinout W RW Yücel Murat M Zhang Sheng S Jahanshad Neda N Thompson Paul M PM Conrod Patricia P Mackey Scott S Garavan Hugh H

Addiction biology 20210128 5

Brain asymmetry reflects left-right hemispheric differentiation, which is a quantitative brain phenotype that develops with age and can vary with psychiatric diagnoses. Previous studies have shown that substance dependence is associated with altered brain structure and function. However, it is unknown whether structural brain asymmetries are different in individuals with substance dependence compared with nondependent participants. Here, a mega-analysis was performed using a collection of 22 str ...[more]

PMID: 33508888

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Project description:ObjectiveAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently co-occur. The authors sought to directly compare these disorders using structural brain imaging data from ENIGMA consortium data.MethodsStructural T1-weighted whole-brain MRI data from healthy control subjects (N=5,827) and from patients with ADHD (N=2,271), ASD (N=1,777), and OCD (N=2,323) from 151 cohorts worldwide were analyzed using standardized processing protocols. The authors examined subcortical volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area differences within a mega-analytical framework, pooling measures extracted from each cohort. Analyses were performed separately for children, adolescents, and adults, using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age, sex, and site (and intracranial volume for subcortical and surface area measures).ResultsNo shared differences were found among all three disorders, and shared differences between any two disorders did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Children with ADHD compared with those with OCD had smaller hippocampal volumes, possibly influenced by IQ. Children and adolescents with ADHD also had smaller intracranial volume than control subjects and those with OCD or ASD. Adults with ASD showed thicker frontal cortices compared with adult control subjects and other clinical groups. No OCD-specific differences were observed across different age groups and surface area differences among all disorders in childhood and adulthood.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest robust but subtle differences across different age groups among ADHD, ASD, and OCD. ADHD-specific intracranial volume and hippocampal differences in children and adolescents, and ASD-specific cortical thickness differences in the frontal cortex in adults, support previous work emphasizing structural brain differences in these disorders.

Dataset Information

Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetries in substance dependence: Findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.

Publications

Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetries in substance dependence: Findings from the ENIGMA Addiction Working Group.

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