Orthopedic Tourism and Volunteerism: Joint Effort or Disjointed Mobility?
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: O'Sullivan D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8319507 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Orthopedic Tourism and Volunteerism: Joint Effort or Disjointed Mobility?
O'Sullivan David D McCabe John P JP Flaherty Gerard T GT
Arthroplasty today 20210719
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Project description:Mobility is the key factor in promoting tourism economic growth (TEG), and the transportation infrastructure has essential functions for maintaining an orderly flow of tourists. Based on the theory of fluid mechanics, we put forward the indicator of tourism mobility (TM). This study is the first to measure the level of TM in China and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of TM. Applying the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis method, we analyze the global and local spatial correlation characteristics of TM. Moreover, we further estimate the contribution of TM to TEG by econometric models and the LMDI method. The results show that (1) the TM in China has maintained rapid growth for a long time. However, there are differences in the rate of growth in different regions. The TM in each region only showed a significant positive spatial correlation in 2016-2018. The space-time pattern is constantly changing over time. The local spatial autocorrelation results of TM are stable, and various agglomeration states are stably distributed in some provinces. (2) The regression results of the traditional panel data model and spatial panel data model both show that TM has a significant positive effect on TEG. Moreover, TM has a negative spatial spillover effect on neighboring regions. (3) The result from the decomposition of LMDI shows that the overall contribution of TM to TEG is 15.76%. This shows that improving TM is a crucial way to promote the economic growth of tourism.
| S-EPMC9612534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The anaerobic Gram-positive coccus Finegoldia magna is a rare cause of infections of bone and joints. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological and clinical characteristics of orthopedic implant-associated infections caused by F. magna We retrospectively analyzed samples consisting of anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and samples already identified as F. magna from patients with orthopedic infections. The isolates found were determined to the species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Etest. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. Clinical data were extracted from each patient's journal. In nine patients, orthopedic joint implant-associated infections were identified as being caused by F. magna The isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested, with the exception of rifampin and moxifloxacin in a few cases. Five of the nine infections were monomicrobial. The most common antibiotic used to treat the infection was penicillin V, but five of the nine patients received a combination of antibiotics. Eight patients underwent surgical treatment, with extraction of the implant performed in seven cases and reimplantation in only two cases. The WGS showed a relatively small core genome, with 126,647 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified within the core genome. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that the isolates clustered into two distinct clades. Orthopedic implant-associated infections caused by F. magna are rare, but the bacteria are generally susceptible to antibiotics. Despite this, surgical treatment combined with long-term antibiotics is often necessary. The WGS analysis revealed a high heterogeneity and suggested the existence of at least two different Finegoldia species.
| S-EPMC5654912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRobotic surgery has seen substantial growth over the years and continues to show promise, with recent implementation into orthopedic surgery. There is limited literature available on patient attitudes and comfort level with robotic compared with conventional surgery. We aimed to develop an understanding of patient views on robot-assisted knee replacement to help the development of patient education materials and facilitate successful implementation.MethodsA qualitative, descriptive methodology was used. Included participants were those who had undergone total knee replacement in the last 5 years. Participants completed an online semistructured interview assessing their past experiences and their fears and assumptions about robotic surgery. An inductive thematic analysis was completed to organize and present the major themes.ResultsFour overarching themes described the areas patients focused on: advancements in surgery, perception of robotic surgery and surgeons, reliability, and patient education materials. Major subthemes included the proven reliability of robots, safety fears, and efficacy. Some participants' fear centred around robot autonomy. Greater comfort with the use of robots would occur if patients were given information about the role of the robot before surgery.ConclusionPatient education materials can help alleviate fears and prevent misperceptions about robot-assisted knee replacement. Materials should include themes of surgical advancements and how surgeons interact with these advancements, level of robot autonomy, and the reliability and safety of the robot.
| S-EPMC11745532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesWe aimed to test for differences in hip joint range of motion (ROM) between captive and free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), particularly for hip joint abduction, which previous studies of captive macaques have found to be lower than predicted.Materials and methodsHip ROM was assessed following standard joint measurement methodology in anesthetized adult free-ranging rhesus macaques (n = 39) from Cayo Santiago, and compared with published ROM data from captive rhesus macaques (n = 16) (Hammond, , American Journal of Physical Anthropology). Significant differences between populations were detected using one-way analysis of variance (p < .05).ResultsIn a sample of pooled sexes and ages, free-ranging macaques are capable of increased hip abduction, flexion, and internal rotation compared with captive individuals. These differences in joint excursion resulted in free-ranging individuals having significantly increased ROM for hip adduction-abduction, rotation, flexion-extension, and the distance spanned by the knee during hip abduction. When looking at data for a smaller sample of age-matched males, fewer ROM differences are significant, but free-ranging males have significantly increased hip abduction, internal rotation, range of flexion-extension, and distance spanned by the knee during hip abduction compared with captive males of similar age.DiscussionOur results suggest that a spatially restrictive environment results in decreased hip mobility in cage-confined animals and ultimately limits the potential limb postures in captive macaques. These results have implications for selection of animal samples in model validation studies, as well as laboratory animal husbandry practices. KEYWORDS caging, Cayo Santiago, hip abduction, Macaca mulatta, nonhuman primate captive care.
| S-EPMC5250560 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over the last decades, joint arthroplasty has become a successful treatment for joint disease. Nowadays, with a growing demand and increasingly younger and active patients accepting these approaches, orthopedic surgeons are seeking implants with improved mechanical behavior and longer life span. However, aseptic loosening as a result of wear debris from implants is considered to be the main cause of long-term implant failure. Previous studies have neatly illustrated the role of micrometric wear particles in the pathological mechanisms underlying aseptic loosening. Recent osteoimmunologic insights into aseptic loosening highlight the important and heretofore underrepresented contribution of nanometric orthopedic wear particles. The present review updates the characteristics of metallic and ceramic nanoparticles generated after prosthesis implantation and summarizes the current understanding of their hazardous effects on peri-prosthetic cells.
| S-EPMC7494401 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10863585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo develop sets of core and optional recommended domains for describing and evaluating Osteoarthritis Management Programs (OAMPs), with a focus on hip and knee Osteoarthritis (OA).DesignWe conducted a 3-round modified Delphi survey involving an international group of researchers, health professionals, health administrators and people with OA. In Round 1, participants ranked the importance of 75 outcome and descriptive domains in five categories: patient impacts, implementation outcomes, and characteristics of the OAMP and its participants and clinicians. Domains ranked as "important" or "essential" by ≥80% of participants were retained, and participants could suggest additional domains. In Round 2, participants rated their level of agreement that each domain was essential for evaluating OAMPs: 0 = strongly disagree to 10 = strongly agree. A domain was retained if ≥80% rated it ≥6. In Round 3, participants rated remaining domains using same scale as in Round 2; a domain was recommended as "core" if ≥80% of participants rated it ≥9 and as "optional" if ≥80% rated it ≥7.ResultsA total of 178 individuals from 26 countries participated; 85 completed all survey rounds. Only one domain, "ability to participate in daily activities", met criteria for a core domain; 25 domains met criteria for an optional recommendation: 8 Patient Impacts, 5 Implementation Outcomes, 5 Participant Characteristics, 3 OAMP Characteristics and 4 Clinician Characteristics.ConclusionThe ability of patients with OA to participate in daily activities should be evaluated in all OAMPs. Teams evaluating OAMPs should consider including domains from the optional recommended set, with representation from all five categories and based on stakeholder priorities in their local context.
| S-EPMC10565839 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionVolunteers are an integral part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent (RCRC) Movement, with over 16 million people actively contributing to humanitarian action worldwide. Academic volunteerism within the Movement includes contributions from students, volunteers and professionals from academic institutions who offer their time and expertise. In this study we aimed to understand the process of embedding academic volunteers in humanitarian organizations such as the Canadian Red Cross (CRC) and assess the impact of their activities within the realm of public health education.MethodsWe used a qualitative case study design with an instrumental approach. All documents related to academic volunteers within the CRC database from September 2018 to August 2023 were gathered and reviewed. Data related to the processes around engaging with volunteers, timelines, outcomes and feedback surveys from students and staff members were extracted and a content analysis was conducted. A return-on-investment analysis (ROI) was conducted to assess the financial impact of engaging academic volunteers.ResultsA total of 68 academic volunteers were engaged with CRC, including unpaid or partially paid master's students, doctoral and postdoctoral fellows, and student volunteers. The collaboration between CRC and academic volunteers contributed to educational enrichment, professional development, knowledge transfer, operational efficiency, and talent pool expansion. Results from a survey on academic volunteerism further highlighted benefits such as maintaining project schedules, promoting diversity, and amplifying the Movement's voice on important matters. The return on investment for unpaid academic volunteers and Masters students was 70%. A five-fold increase was measured for partially paid academic volunteers resulting in 486% ROI.DiscussionAcademic volunteerism yields mutual benefits for students, academic researchers, and humanitarian organizations. These volunteers enhance operational efficiency and fortify resilience, fostering adaptability amid challenges. They play a crucial role in strengthening evidence-based programming within organizations like CRC and bolstering their capacity to address emerging health issues. These volunteers constitute a valuable talent pool, bringing organizational knowledge and experience to the table. They provide critical support for scaling up programs, especially during emergency situations, offering innovative solutions to address human resource shortages driven by funding constraints.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Volunteers fulfil several roles in supporting terminally ill people and their relatives and can positively influence quality of care. Healthcare in many countries faces resource constraints and some governments now expect communities to provide an increasing proportion of palliative care. However, systematic insights into volunteer presence, tasks and training and organisational challenges for volunteerism are lacking. AIM:Describe organised volunteerism in palliative direct patient care across the Flemish healthcare system (Belgium). DESIGN:A cross-sectional postal survey using a self-developed questionnaire was conducted with 342 healthcare organisations. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:The study included full population samples of palliative care units, palliative day-care centres, palliative home care teams, medical oncology departments, sitting services, community home care services and a random sample of nursing homes. RESULTS:Responses were obtained for 254 (79%) organisations; 80% have volunteers providing direct patient care. Psychosocial, signalling and existential care tasks were the most prevalent volunteer tasks. The most cited organisational barriers were finding suitable (84%) and new (80%) volunteers; 33% of organisations offered obligatory training (75% dedicated palliative care, 12% nursing homes). Differences in volunteer use were associated with training needs and prevalence of organisational barriers. CONCLUSION:Results suggest potential for larger volunteer contingents. The necessity of volunteer support and training and organisational coordination of recruitment efforts is emphasised. Organisations are encouraged to invest in adequate volunteer support and training. The potential of shared frameworks for recruitment and training of volunteers is discussed. Future research should study volunteerism at the volunteer level to contrast with organisational data.
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Project description:Capture-recapture techniques provide valuable information, but are often more cost-prohibitive at large spatial and temporal scales than less-intensive sampling techniques. Model development combining multiple data sources to leverage data source strengths and for improved parameter precision has increased, but with limited discussion on precision gain versus effort. We present a general framework for evaluating trade-offs between precision gained and costs associated with acquiring multiple data sources, useful for designing future or new phases of current studies.We illustrated how Bayesian hierarchical joint models using detection/non-detection and banding data can improve abundance, survival, and recruitment inference, and quantified data source costs in a northern Arizona, USA, western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) population. We used an 8-year detection/non-detection (distributed across the landscape) and banding (subset of locations within landscape) data set to estimate parameters. We constructed separate models using detection/non-detection and banding data, and a joint model using both data types to evaluate parameter precision gain relative to effort.Joint model parameter estimates were more precise than single data model estimates, but parameter precision varied (apparent survival > abundance > recruitment). Banding provided greater apparent survival precision than detection/non-detection data. Therefore, little precision was gained when detection/non-detection data were added to banding data. Additional costs were minimal; however, additional spatial coverage and ability to estimate abundance and recruitment improved inference. Conversely, more precision was gained when adding banding to detection/non-detection data at higher cost. Spatial coverage was identical, yet survival and abundance estimates were more precise. Justification of increased costs associated with additional data types depends on project objectives.We illustrate a general framework for evaluating precision gain relative to effort, applicable to joint data models with any data type combination. This framework evaluates costs and benefits from and effort levels between multiple data types, thus improving population monitoring designs.
| S-EPMC6362443 | biostudies-literature