Dataset Information

Tuning the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Porous Electrodes for Architecting 3D Microsupercapacitors with Batteries-Level Energy.

ABSTRACT: Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are vital power sources for internet of things (IoTs) and miniaturized electronics. The performance of MSCs is often restricted by its low areal energy density, which is due to the low areal mass loading of active materials. Constructing thick planar microelectrode with fine structure and high aspect ratio is an efficient way to increase mass loading, but limited by the breakable nature of porous electrode materials. Here, it is found that the mechanical and electrical properties of porous electrodes, as well as their surface area utilization and internal ion diffusion pathway, can be synergistically tuned by infilling gel electrolyte into internal pores of porous electrode films. The tuned thick porous electrode films are robust enough to enable laser ablation of three dimensional (3D) microelectrodes for high mass loading and high aspect ratio. The areal capacitance of 3D microelectrodes is able to increase linearly with mass loading (or thickness) up to at least 13 mg cm^-2 (or 260 µm) for a value of up to 4640 mF cm^-2 based on active carbon. The 3D MSCs deliver areal energy density of 1318 μWh cm^-2 , which is comparable to the best of Li-ion 3D microbatteries while exhibiting superior electrochemical and mechanical stability.

SUBMITTER: Li C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8336509 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Tuning the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Porous Electrodes for Architecting 3D Microsupercapacitors with Batteries-Level Energy.

Li Congming C Li Xiangming X Yang Qingzhen Q Sun Pengcheng P Wu Lifeng L Nie Bangbang B Tian Hongmiao H Wang Yingche Y Wang Chunhui C Chen Xiaoliang X Shao Jinyou J

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 20210620 15

Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are vital power sources for internet of things (IoTs) and miniaturized electronics. The performance of MSCs is often restricted by its low areal energy density, which is due to the low areal mass loading of active materials. Constructing thick planar microelectrode with fine structure and high aspect ratio is an efficient way to increase mass loading, but limited by the breakable nature of porous electrode materials. Here, it is found that the mechanical and electrica ...[more]

PMID: 34151539

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Project description:Retinal prosthesis has been one of the medical strategies aimed at restoring some degree of vision for patients affected by retinal degenerative diseases, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are leading causes of irreversible visual loss. In retinal prosthesis, electrical pulses are typically delivered to the retinal neurons via electrodes on the surface of the implant. In this work, we fabricated 3D carbon pillar electrodes by pyrolysis of SU-8 structures defined photolithographically on Si wafers. We then measured compound action potentials induced in porcine neuroretinas stimulated with electrical pulses. The recorded spikes were validated to be biological in origin by adding the voltage-gated sodium-channel blocking agent tetrodotoxin. The minimum threshold voltage needed to effectively stimulate retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells, with 3D electrodes was analyzed through systematic investigation of the spike rate and amplitudes as a function of stimulation voltage. 3D electrodes significantly increased spike rate and amplitudes above spontaneous activity in the tissue during stimulation and outperformed the 2D counterpart, both in terms of spike rate and amplitude. Our results indicate a threshold voltage range of 500-600 mV for 1 ms pulses at a frequency of 10 Hz above which a significant increase in spike count was observed. Furthermore, we report an order of magnitude increase in peak-to-peak amplitude for evoked spikes (> 3 mV), compared to spontaneous spikes (∼ 200 µV). Based on numerical integration, we estimate the area under the curve to be ~14 times larger in evoked compound action potentials compared to spontaneous activity. This indicates the relative increase in number of contributing cells to the compound action potential. At a stimulation voltage of 600 mV the spike rate for 3D electrodes was above 10 spikes/channel/s. We hypothesize that the significant difference between 2D and 3D electrodes is not only caused by the higher active electrode surface area of the 3D micropillar electrodes, but also by more intricate contact and interaction with the inner cell layers of the retinal tissue. Our findings indicate that 3D carbon micropillar electrodes are promising for electrical stimulation of the retina.

Dataset Information

Tuning the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Porous Electrodes for Architecting 3D Microsupercapacitors with Batteries-Level Energy.

Publications

Tuning the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Porous Electrodes for Architecting 3D Microsupercapacitors with Batteries-Level Energy.

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