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Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium.

ABSTRACT: Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health. Glutathione (GSH) could alleviate Cd toxicity of plant species, whereas its mechanism responsible for wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we found that exogenous GSH application significantly increased the fresh and dry weight, root elongation, chlorophyll contents, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH, and translocation factor of Cd compared with Cd treatment. Moreover, GSH application significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes, which involved in GSH synthesis, especially in roots. In addition, we found that GSH application suppressed Cd-induced expression of metal transporter genes TaNramp1, TaNramp5, TaHMA2, TaHMA3, TaLCT1 and TaIRT2 in roots. Taken together, our results suggested that GSH could alleviate Cd toxicity in wheat by increasing GSH synthesis gene expression or suppressing Cd transporter genes expression, and further affecting Cd uptake and translocation in wheat plants.

SUBMITTER: Li GZ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8346402 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium.

Li Ge-Zi GZ Chen Shi-Juan SJ Li Na-Ying NY Wang Ying-Ying YY Kang Guo-Zhang GZ

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 20210610 2

Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, is harmful to plants and human health. Glutathione (GSH) could alleviate Cd toxicity of plant species, whereas its mechanism responsible for wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we found that exogenous GSH application significantly increased the fresh and dry weight, root elongation, chlorophyll contents, while decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH, and translocation factor of Cd compared with Cd treatment. Moreover, GSH application signific ...[more]

PMID: 34110442

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Project description:Sustainable plant production in soil polluted with heavy metals requires that novel strategies are developed for the benefit of humans and other living things. Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant for plants, and there is limited information on the use of exogenous bio-regulators to reduce the accumulation and toxic effects of Cd pollution in plants. Choline is an endogenous quertarnary amine that is known to improve stress tolerance in plants, while its mechanism of action in certain conditions is yet to be determined. This study investigated the effects of foliar choline supplementation (10 mM) on Solanum lycopersicum seedlings exposed to Cd application (50 mg/L in soil). The seedlings were randomized to five groups: Control (E1), Cd stress (E2), Choline supplementation after Cd stress (E3), Choline (E4), and Choline supplementation before Cd stress (E5). Following the applications, the Cd content, growth and development parameters (chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight), oxidative stress parameters (H2O2 and MDA contents), as well as antioxidative defense system (SOD, GSH, AsA, and TPC contents) were analyzed. Choline supplementation after Cd stress reduced the enhanced Cd content in roots by 38% but did not alter it in leaves (p > 0.05) compared to the Cd group. Choline supplementation before Cd stress decreased Cd content both in roots by 87.5% and in leaves by 50%. Choline supplementation after and before Cd stress increased fresh and dry weights in both roots and leaves. While the Cd group (E2) increased the H2O2 level and SOD activity, no remarkable change was observed in H2O2 levels in all choline supplementations (E3, E4, E5). Therefore, lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not observed in choline supplementation before Cd stress (E5), however, when the choline was applied after Cd stress (E3) MDA content was reduced by 40% compared with the Cd stress group (E2). Choline supplementations after and before Cd stress (E3, E5) increased AsA content by 30%, while the Cd group (E2) decreased it by 60% compared with the control group (E1). Choline supplementations before Cd stress (E5) increased TPC by 33%, while the Cd group (E2) decreased it by 18%, moreover, when choline was applied after Cd stress (E3), no change was observed compared to the control group. These data suggest that choline prevents inhibition of plant growth due to Cd toxicity by reducing Cd uptake. The results provided in the present study are likely to enhance the quality and efficiency of crop production in heavy metal-polluted areas.

Project description:Maize (Zea mays L.) is sensitive to salt stress, especially during seed germination and seedling morphogenesis, which limits maize growth and productivity formation. As a novel recognized plant hormone, melatonin (MT) participates in multiple growth and developmental processes and mediates biotic/abiotic stress responses, yet the effects of salt stress on maize seedlings remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of 150 μM exogenous MT on multiple phenotypes and physiologic metabolisms in three-leaf seedlings across eight maize inbred lines under 180 mM NaCl salt stress, including growth parameters, stomatal morphology, photosynthetic metabolisms, antioxidant enzyme activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, the six gene expression levels controlling antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis in two materials with contrasting salt resistance were examined for all treatments to explore the possible molecular mechanism of exogenous MT alleviating salt injury in maize. The results showed that 150 μM exogenous MT application protected membrane integrity and reduced ROS accumulation by activating the antioxidant system in leaves of maize seedlings under salt stress, their relative conductivity and H2O2 level average reduced by 20.91% and 17.22%, while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) averaged increased by 13.90%, 17.02%, 22.00%, and 14.24% relative to salt stress alone. The improvement of stomatal size and the deposition of photosynthetic pigments were more favorable to enhancing photosynthesis in leaves when these seedlings treated with MT application under salt stress, their stomatal size, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate averaged increased by 11.60%, 19.64%, and 27.62%. Additionally, Gene expression analysis showed that MT stimulation significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (Zm00001d009990, Zm00001d047479, Zm00001d014848, and Zm00001d007234) and photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis genes (Zm00001d011819 and Zm00001d017766) under salt stress. At the same time, 150 μM MT significantly promoted seedling growth and biomass accumulation. In conclusion, our study may unravel crucial evidence of the role of MT in maize seedlings against salt stress, which can provide a novel strategy for improving maize salt stress resistance.

Project description:BackgroundCadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for plant growth. In plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methylglyoxal (MG) have emerged as vital signaling molecules that regulate plant growth processes under Cd stress. However, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) and MG on Cd uptake, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns of Salix to Cd toxicity have been poorly understood. Here, Salix matsudana Koidz. seedlings were planted in plastic pot with applications of MG (108 mg kg- 1) and NaHS (50 mg kg- 1) under Cd (150 mg kg- 1) stress.ResultsCd treatment significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but decreased the growth parameters in S. matsudana. However, NaHS and MG supplementation significantly decreased Cd concentration, ROS levels, and MDA content, and finally enhanced the growth parameters. Cd stress accelerated the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes, which were further improved by NaHS and MG supplementation. However, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were sharply decreased under Cd stress. Conversely, NaHS and MG applications restored the MDHAR and DHAR activities compared with Cd-treated seedlings. Furthermore, Cd stress decreased the ratios of GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA but considerably increased the H2S and MG levels and glyoxalase I-II system in S. matsudana, while the applications of MG and NaHS restored the redox status of AsA and GSH and further improved glyoxalase II activity. In addition, compared with AsA, GSH showed a more sensitive response to exogenous applications of MG and NaHS and plays more important role in the detoxification of Cd.ConclusionsThe present study illustrated the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing ROS-mediated oxidative damage to S. matsudana and revealed the vital role of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.

Dataset Information

Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium.

Publications

Exogenous Glutathione Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity in Wheat by Influencing the Absorption and Translocation of Cadmium.

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