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Structural modification and biological activities of carboxymethyl Pachymaran.

ABSTRACT: Polysaccharides are good chelating agents for metal ions, which are often used to synthesize polysaccharide metal ion complexes. With carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) as the substrate, carboxymethyl pachymaran iron (CMPF), carboxymethyl pachymaran selenium (CMPS), and carboxymethyl pachymaran zinc (CMPZ) were synthesized by response surface methodology, and their biological characteristics were studied. The results showed that the CMP was a β-polysaccharide, and the degree of carboxymethylation was 0.6352. The polysaccharide metal ion complexes were characterized by physicochemical methods, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All the polysaccharides and complexes possessed antioxidant activity in vitro with scavenging activities to ABTS, superoxide anions, and ferrous ions. CMPF, CMPS, and CMPZ caused significant inhibition of A2780 cell proliferation, promoted the production of reactive oxygen species, and induced apoptosis in a human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780 cells). These results suggest that the CMP complex may be an effective candidate drug for cancer treatment in the field of functional food and pharmacology.

SUBMITTER: Yan YY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8358349 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural modification and biological activities of carboxymethyl Pachymaran.

Yan You-Yu YY Yuan Shuai S Ma Hao-Hai HH Zhang Xi-Feng XF

Food science & nutrition 20210630 8

Polysaccharides are good chelating agents for metal ions, which are often used to synthesize polysaccharide metal ion complexes. With carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) as the substrate, carboxymethyl pachymaran iron (CMPF), carboxymethyl pachymaran selenium (CMPS), and carboxymethyl pachymaran zinc (CMPZ) were synthesized by response surface methodology, and their biological characteristics were studied. The results showed that the CMP was a β-polysaccharide, and the deg ...[more]

PMID: 34401083

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Project description:Background/Objectives: Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) is obtained during the industrial processing of cashew nuts. It contains anacardic acid (2-hydroxy-6-n-pentadecylbenzoic acid) and cardanol (3-n-pentadecylphenol). Therefore, CNSL provides a rich source of phenolic lipids serving as natural antioxidants or precursors for industrial uses. Here, we have analyzed in detail a commercial sample of cardanol by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and its biological activities in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Methods: The cytotoxic effects, genotoxicity, cell proliferation, and healing properties on HaCaT cells were studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, comet assay, proliferation assay, and scratch assay, respectively. Additionally, the modulatory effect of cardanol on the cellular fatty acid profile of HaCaT cells was analyzed by gas chromatography. Results: NMR showed the structure of cardanol as a mixture of the 8'-monoene (42%), the 8',11'-diene (22%), and the 8',11',14'-triene (36%) for the pentadecyl side chain with all double bonds in Z configuration. The cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells only occurred at high concentrations of cardanol (>10 µg/mL), which caused significant reductions in cell viability. Using the comet assay, a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage was found at concentrations above 10 µg/mL. Scratch assays revealed that cardanol achieved 99% wound closure of HaCaT cells treated with 1 µg/mL cardanol after 48 h. Cardanol at 1 and 0.1 µg/mL significantly enhanced HaCaT cell proliferation and promoted migration, contributing to accelerated wound healing processes. As shown by gas chromatography, 1 µg/mL cardanol increased the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9 fatty acids. Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that concentrations of <10 µg/mL cardanol are safe and exhibit beneficial biological activities, particularly wound-healing effects on HaCaT cells. Further studies are necessary to explore additional potential applications of cardanol, to refine its formulations for clinical use, and to ensure its safety and action in other target cells and species.

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Structural modification and biological activities of carboxymethyl Pachymaran.

Publications

Structural modification and biological activities of carboxymethyl <i>Pachymaran</i>.

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