Testing an analogue game to promote peer support and person-centredness in education for people with diabetes: A realist evaluation.
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ABSTRACT: Aim
To explore the outcomes of testing an analogue game to incorporate person-centredness and peer dialogues in group-based diabetes education targeting people with diabetes.Design
Realist evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods to explore context, mechanisms and outcomes of the intervention.Methods
In March-July 2019, the game was tested among 76 people with type 2 diabetes and 17 professionals in 19 settings across nine Danish municipalities. Data consisted of game tests, interviews and questionnaires. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and descriptive statistics.Results
Outcomes of using the game were as follows: (a) a playful atmosphere; (b) active engagement; c) reflections on diabetes-specific experiences; (d) focused dialogues; (e) professionals gaining insight into the needs of participants; and (f) professionals experiencing peer dialogue as important to incorporate into education. Questionnaire responses showed that 92% people with diabetes and 94% professionals found that the game incorporated person-centredness and peer dialogues into education.
SUBMITTER: Stenov V
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8363400 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Testing an analogue game to promote peer support and person-centredness in education for people with diabetes: A realist evaluation.
Stenov Vibeke V Lindgreen Pil P Willaing Ingrid I Basballe Henning Grubb HG Joensen Lene Eide LE
Nursing open 20210302 5
<h4>Aim</h4>To explore the outcomes of testing an analogue game to incorporate person-centredness and peer dialogues in group-based diabetes education targeting people with diabetes.<h4>Design</h4>Realist evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods to explore context, mechanisms and outcomes of the intervention.<h4>Methods</h4>In March-July 2019, the game was tested among 76 people with type 2 diabetes and 17 professionals in 19 settings across nine Danish municipalities. Data consiste ...[more]
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Project description:ObjectivesThis review identifies and examines theoretical approaches (components and objectives) to person-centred dementia care in order to obtain a better understanding of what is meant by the concept of person-centred dementia care.DesignFollowing the approach of Whittemore and Knafl, an integrative literature review was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) Which theoretical approaches to person-centred dementia care have been published? (2) What are the components of the theoretical approaches to person-centred dementia care thus identified, and which objectives can be identified?Data sourcesMEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO) were searched through to 26 April 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included any kind of published literature that describes theoretical approaches to person-centred dementia care and that was written in German or English.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. Data were pooled using a data extraction form developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A qualitative content analysis was conducted.ResultsThe analysis revealed heterogeneous perspectives within the identified approaches to person-centred dementia care. Statements pertaining to the components and objectives could be assigned to three different subcategories (microlevel, macrolevel and application level). This analysis enabled an enhanced understanding of how person-centred dementia care is currently described and whether and how the theoretical approaches differ in terms of their orientations and their focus on the individual and/or on sociality, which allows conclusions regarding the underlying conceptual idea of personhood.ConclusionsThere is a clear challenge for future research to overcome the dominance of the focus on the individual and to consider aspects of sociality to be at least equally important. This is needed in order to understand dementia as a multifaceted phenomenon that demands a differentiated consideration of theoretical notions of how to understand personhood in this context.
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Project description:IntroductionThe concept of personhood is particularly important in person-centred dementia care because its overall aim is to maintain the personhood of people living with dementia despite disease progression. In a previous review on autonomy for people with dementia, two different underlying concepts of personhood were identified: a rationalistic and a social constructionist concept of personhood. The present integrative review aims to (1) identify existing theoretical approaches in person-centred dementia care, (2) describe the constitutive components for these theoretical approaches, (3) report the goals and/or outcomes to be achieved by person-centred care for people living with dementia and (4) identify the underlying concepts of personhood.Methods and analysisFor our integrative review the search terms were derived from the research questions and clustered according to the 'PICo' (Population, Interest, Context) framework. A systematic literature search for theoretical approaches of 'person-centred dementia care' will be performed on MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). The title/abstract and full-text screening will be performed independently by two researchers according to the inclusion criteria. The data analysis procedure will have two steps: (1) identification and extraction of general information (e.g., type of publication and name of theoretical approaches described) and (2) a qualitative content analysis to analyse the components, goals, outcomes and understanding of the respective underlying conceptions of personhood within the theoretical approaches. The extraction of general information (e.g., authors) will be performed by one researcher and qualitative content analysis will be performed independently by two researchers using MAXQDA software. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion between the two researchers or, if no consensus can be reached, with all coauthors.Ethics and disseminationDue to the nature of a review, ethical approval is not required. We will disseminate our results in peer-reviewed journals and at (inter)national conferences.
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Project description:We study the effects of different punishment institutions on cooperation in a six-person prisoner's dilemma game in which actors observe others' cooperation with some noise (i.e. imperfect public monitoring). Previous research has shown that peer punishment can sustain cooperation, if a certain proportion of group members punish defectors at a cost to themselves. However, in the presence of noise, co-operators will sometimes be mistaken for defectors and punished, and defectors will sometimes be mistaken for co-operators and escape punishment. Both types of mistakes are detrimental for cooperation because cooperation is discouraged and defection is encouraged. By means of a laboratory experiment, we study whether this adverse effect of noise can be mitigated by consensual punishment. The more other group members have to agree on punishing a defector, the less likely will a co-operator be punished by mistake. We compare a punishment institution in which each subject decides individually whether to punish another, with institutions in which punishments are only implemented if subjects reach sufficient consensus that a particular group member should be punished. In conditions without noise, we find that cooperation and subjects' payoffs are higher if more consensus is required before a punishment is implemented. In conditions with noise, cooperation is lower if more consensus is required. Moreover, with noise, subjects' payoffs are lower under all punishment institutions than in the control condition without punishment opportunities. Our results narrow down the conditions under which punishment institutions can promote cooperation if such cooperation is noisy.
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Project description:BackgroundPeer support has been proposed as a promising policy intervention for addressing adverse maternal and child healthcare (MCH) outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Existing reviews on peer support largely draw on evidence from high-income countries or focus on single services like breastfeeding, nutrition or postnatal care. In contrast, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the empirical literature on peer support interventions across various MCH services in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, we aim to understand how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances different forms of MCH peer support interventions contribute to improving healthcare outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsThis review follows five iterative steps for undertaking realist reviews (1) defining the review scope; (2) developing initial programme theories; (3) searching for evidence; (4) selecting and appraising evidence; and (5) extracting, analysing and synthesising evidence. Four databases-Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE-were repeatedly searched between March and June 2021. From a large volume of records retrieved from the database and citation search, 61 papers have been selected for review. We will conduct a second search of the same database covering June 2021 to the present before the final extraction and synthesis. The final list of selected papers will be imported into NVivo 12 software and organised, extracted, analysed and synthesised iteratively to examine and illustrate the causal links between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of MCH peer support interventions in SSA. We have drawn on the existing literature on peer support in healthcare generally to develop initial programme theories. We will then use the empirical literature on MCH peer support interventions in SSA, inputs from a stakeholders' workshop in Ghana and a conference presentation to refine the initial programme theory.DiscussionThe review will develop an explicit theory of peer support intervention in healthcare delivery and provide insights for developing evidence-informed policy on the intervention. Drawing lessons from the different national contexts and diverse areas of MCH in SSA, the review will provide an analytically generalizable programme theory that can guide intervention design and implementation. While focusing on MCH peer support interventions in SSA, the review contributes to evolving conversations on the use of theory for health policy planning and complex intervention design and implementation globally.Trial registrationPROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023427751 .
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