Ginsenoside Re exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation via CAMK/MAPK/NF‑κB signaling in microglia.

ABSTRACT: Ginsenoside Re (G‑Re) is a panaxatriol saponin and one of the pharmacologically active natural constituents of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). G‑Re has antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of G‑Re on neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated microglia and its protective effects on hippocampal neurons. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Protein levels of inflammatory molecules and kinase activity were assessed by western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay; apoptosis was estimated by Annexin V apoptosis assay. The results revealed that G‑Re significantly inhibited the

SUBMITTER: Madhi I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8365412 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature