From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Paradigm.

ABSTRACT: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells obtained from many tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and placenta. MSCs are the leading cell source for stem cell therapy due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, their low risk of tumorigenesis and lack of ethical constraints. However, clinical applications of MSCs remain limited. MSC therapeutic development continues to pose challenges in terms of preparation, purity, consistency, efficiency, reproducibility, processing time and scalability. Additionally, there are issues with their poor engraftment and survival in sites of disease or damage that limit their capacity to directly replace damaged cells. A key recent development in MSC research, however, is the now widely ac

SUBMITTER: Johnson J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8366519 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature