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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Special Populations.

ABSTRACT: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the worldwide. With the growing burden of cancer, the studies on early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer are rapidly increasing. Recently, many new therapeutic strategies have been discovered, among which immunotherapy has dramatically changed the outlook for cancer treatment. Several clinical trials are underway around the world to produce potential treatments. However, these trials set certain strict joining conditions, so that the clinical data cannot be fully applied in the real world. To help clinical oncologists with treatment decision-making, this review collected recent studies on special populations receiving immunotherapy, including organ transplant patients, pregnant women, pediatric patients, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, patients with human immunodeficiency virus, and patients with autoimmune diseases and mental illness.

SUBMITTER: Shan Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8371726 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Special Populations.

Shan Qianyun Q Lu Hongyang H

Technology in cancer research & treatment 20210101

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the worldwide. With the growing burden of cancer, the studies on early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer are rapidly increasing. Recently, many new therapeutic strategies have been discovered, among which immunotherapy has dramatically changed the outlook for cancer treatment. Several clinical trials are underway around the world to produce potential treatments. However, these trials set certain strict joining conditions, so that the cli ...[more]

PMID: 34384286

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Project description:ObjectivesImmune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with adverse cardiovascular events. However, there are no data characterizing cardiovascular events among Asians on immune checkpoint inhibitors. We aim to determine the incidence and risk of cardiac events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in an Asian population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study at two tertiary referral centers in Taiwan. Immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users based on predetermined clinical variables. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute peripheral occlusive disease, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, heart failure, pericardial disease, myocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and conduction block.ResultsBetween January 2010 and November 2021, 868 immune checkpoint inhibitor users were matched 1:1 with non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users. Among immune checkpoint inhibitor users, 67 (7.7%) patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events. During a median follow-up period of 188 days, the incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events for immune checkpoint inhibitor and non-immune checkpoint inhibitor users was 94.8 and 46.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively, resulting in an incidence rate ratio of 2.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.5-2.9]. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, immune checkpoint inhibitor users had a 60% increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio, 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.3)]. Immune checkpoint inhibitors use was independently associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio, 3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-9.0)] and pulmonary embolism [hazard ratio, 5.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.4-21.3)]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age > 65, metastatic disease, hypertension and baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio < 180 were risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events.ConclusionsAmong Asians, immune checkpoint inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism.

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Special Populations.

Publications

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Special Populations.

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