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C3G Regulates STAT3, ERK, Adhesion Signaling, and Is Essential for Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells.

ABSTRACT: C3G (RAPGEF1), engaged in multiple signaling pathways, is essential for the early development of the mouse. In this study, we have examined its role in mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. C3G null cells generated by CRISPR mediated knock-in of a targeting vector exhibited enhanced clonogenicity and long-term self-renewal. They did not differentiate in response to LIF withdrawal when compared to the wild type ES cells and were defective for lineage commitment upon teratoma formation in vivo. Gene expression analysis of C3G KO cells showed misregulated expression of a large number of genes compared with WT cells. They express higher levels of self-renewal factors like KLF4 and ESRRB and show high STAT3 activity, and very low ERK activity compared to WT cells. Reintroduction of C3G expression in a KO line partially reverted expression of ESRRB, and KLF4, and ERK activity similar to that seen in WT cells. The expression of self-renewal factors was persistent for a longer time, and induction of lineage-specific markers was not seen when C3G KO cells were induced to form embryoid bodies. C3G KO cells showed poor adhesion and significantly reduced levels of pFAK, pPaxillin, and Integrin-β1, in addition to downregulation of the cluster of genes involved in cell adhesion, compared to WT cells. Our results show that C3G is essential for the regulation of STAT3, ERK, and adhesion signaling, to maintain pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells and enable their lineage commitment for differentiation.

SUBMITTER: Vishnu VV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8372029 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was applied to unravel Erk signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). A previously described engineered ESCs system for Erk induction via a drug-inducible cRAF-ErT2 fusion (Hamilton, W. B. & Brickman, J. M., Cell Rep 2014) was used in two different setups measuring the phosphoproteome in an 11-plex tandem mass tag (TMT)-based approach as described below. Fgf4 stimulation and MEK inhibition: ESCs were stimulated with Fgf4 (40 nM, recombinant, mouse, 5 minutes) following pretreatment (30 minutes) with either DMSO (1:10000) or MEK inhibition (MEKi: 1 microM PD0325901): The experimental treatment conditions and TMT11-plex labeling are specified below: 126: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 1 127N: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 2 127C: DMSO, unstimulated control replicate 3 128N: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 1 128C: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 2 129N: DMSO + Fgf4 replicate 3 129C: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 1 130N: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 2 130C: MEKi + Fgf4 replicate 3 131N: MEKi replicate 1 131C: MEKi replicate 2 Analog sensitive Erk2 setup: In the ESC system the ERK2-/- ESCs (Hamilton et al., PloS ONE, 2013) were engineered to stably express an inducible cRAF-ErT2 fusion protein expressed from the same transgene as a FLAG-tagged analogue sensitive Erk2Q103A. Erk1 was subsequently removed by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis using sgRNAs flanking exon 2. Cells were pre-treated for 30 minutes with either the ATP-mimetic compound 1-NM-PP1 (2 microM) (Endo et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006), the Mek1 inhibitor PD0325901 (1 microM), or DMSO (0.01%), followed by induction or not of the cRAF-ErT2 fusion by (Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) (250 nM) for 2 hours as indicated. The experimental treatment conditions and TMT11-plex labeling are specified below: 126: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 1 127N: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 2 127C: DMSO pretreatment, non-induced control, replicate 3 128N: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 128C: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2 129N: DMSO pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 3 129C: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 130N: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2 130C: PP1 pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 3 131N: MEKi pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 1 131C: MEKi pretreatment, 4OHT-induction, replicate 2

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C3G Regulates STAT3, ERK, Adhesion Signaling, and Is Essential for Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells.

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