Dataset Information

Gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective study.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Identifying undetected clinical signs is imperative in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective

To establish the prevalence of clinical gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical outcomes and recovery rates associated with gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions were also assessed.

Design

A prospective study was performed in 80 patients admitted to Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain) for COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were re-evaluated in the ward daily until discharge. Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction symptoms were retrospectively collected from emergency room (ER) charts after first assessments. Follow-up was performed in telemedicine consultation.

Setting

The single-centre study was performed in a hospitalisation ward at a university hospital.

Participants

Consecutive patients meeting hospitalisation criteria for COVID-19 pneumonia were eligible. Study exclusion criteria were patients who could not speak, had previous gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions or whose PCR tests for SARS-CoV-19 were negative.

Interventions

Systematic assessment of gustatory and olfactory symptoms with standardised questions.

Outcomes

Prevalence of gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Results

Of the 80 study subjects, 62.5% were male and the median age was 57 years. Half of the cohort (n=40) presented with comorbidities. The prevalence of chemosensitive disorder was 73.8% (n=59) (95% CI: 63.8 to 83.8), although self-reported symptoms were recorded in only 26.3% (n=21) of patients in the ER. Gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions were observed in 58.8% (n=47) and 55% (n=44) of cases, respectively. They were also the first symptoms in 25% (n=20) of patients. Anosmia was associated with ageusia, OR: 7, 95% CI: 2.3 to 21.8, p=0.001). No differences in clinical outcomes were observed when patients with and without gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions were compared. Recovery rates were 20% (n=10) and 85% (n=42) at days 7 and 45, respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in COVID-19 pneumonia was much higher than in self-report. Presence of gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions was not a predictor of clinical outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Inciarte A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8375450 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective study.

Inciarte Alexy A Cardozo Celia C Chumbita Mariana M Alcubilla Pau P Torres Berta B González Cordón Ana A Rico Veronica V Aguero Daiana D García-Pouton Nicole N Hernández-Meneses Marta M Albiach Laia L Meira Fernanda F De la Mora Lorena L Linares Laura L Puerta-Alcalde Pedro P Macaya Irene I Mensa Josep J Laguno Montse M Ambrosioni Juan J Ramos Angela A Morata Laura L Bodro Marta M Moreno-García Estela E Moreno Antonio A Sola Montse M Rojas Jhon J Leal Lorna L Torres Manuel M Garcia-Vidal Carolina C Martínez Jose Antonio JA Alobid Isam I Soriano Alex A Garcia Felipe F

BMJ open 20210817 8

<h4>Importance</h4>Identifying undetected clinical signs is imperative in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2.<h4>Objective</h4>To establish the prevalence of clinical gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinical outcomes and recovery rates associated with gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions were also assessed.<h4>Design</h4>A prospective study was performed in 80 patients admitted to Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (Spain) for COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were re-ev ...[more]

PMID: 34404693

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Project description:PurposeThe prevalence of sensory disorders (smell and/or taste) in affected patients has shown a high variability of 5% to 98% during the COVID-19 outbreak, depending on the methodology, country, and study. Loss of smell and taste occurring in COVID-19 cases are now recognized by the international scientific community as being among the main symptoms of the disease. This study investigates loss of smell and taste in outpatients and hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection.MethodsEnrolled in the study were patients with a positive PCR test for COVID-19. Excluded were patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, common cold, influenza, and olfactory/gustatory dysfunction predating the pandemic. Patients were asked about changes in their sense of smell and taste by structured questionnaire. Their status was classified according to severity of the symptoms.ResultsA total of 217 patients were included in the study, of whom 129 received outpatient treatment, whereas 88 were hospitalized; mean age was 41.74 years (range18-76), 59.4% were male. At evaluation for olfactory dysfunction, 53.9% of the patients were found to be normal, whereas 33.2% were anosmic. No gustatory dysfunction was found in 49.8% of patients, whereas in those with loss of taste, the most commonly recorded symptom was ageusia. Anosmia was significantly more common in outpatients (P = 0.038). Presentation of chemosensorial symptoms in women was higher than in men (P = 0.009). No correlation was found between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and age (P = 0.178).ConclusionsAbout one-half of our patients presented olfactory and/or gustatory deficits, and loss of smell was more common in mild cases. It should be considered; a sudden, severe, and isolated loss of smell and/or taste may also be present in COVID-19 patients who are otherwise asymptomatic. We suggest that identification of persons with these signs and early isolation could prevent spread of the disease in the community.

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Dataset Information

Gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective study.

Importance

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Interventions

Outcomes

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective study.

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