Dataset Information

Dietary Inulin Regulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Neonatal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary fiber intake and piglet health. Multiparous sows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed diets without inulin (control group, n = 20) or 1.6% inulin (1.6IN group, n = 20). The results indicate that 1.6IN prevented the prolonged farrowing duration of sows (P < 0.05) and shortened the average piglet birth interval (P < 0.1). In addition, 1.6IN decreased the percentage of the piglet born weak and the percentage of the piglet with hyperthermia after birth (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the 1.6IN group had a lower concentration of urea nitrogen in the colostrum, and also prevented diarrhea, increased litter gain, survival rate, and average daily gain for suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 1.6IN decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Streptococcus; increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Desulfovibrio, Paludibacter, CF231, and Prevotella. Overall, this study showed that maternal fiber nutrition during pregnancy regulated the health of offspring, and the response of the maternal intestinal microbes played an important role in intervening in the phenotype of sows and neonatal piglets.

SUBMITTER: Li H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8380823 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Inulin Regulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Neonatal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model.

Li Hao H Ma Longteng L Zhang Longlin L Liu Nian N Li Zhiqing Z Zhang Fan F Liu Xiang X Ma Xiaokang X

Frontiers in nutrition 20210809

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal dietary fiber intake and piglet health. Multiparous sows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed diets without inulin (control group, n = 20) or 1.6% inulin (1.6IN group, n = 20). The results indicate that 1.6IN prevented the prolonged farrowing duration of sows (P < 0.05) and shortened the average piglet birth interval (P < 0.1). In addition, 1.6IN decreased the percentage of the piglet born weak ...[more]

PMID: 34434954

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Project description:General consumption of "western diet" characterized by high refined carbohydrates, fat and energy intake has resulted in a global obesity epidemics and related metabolic disturbance even for pregnant women. Pregnancy process is accompanied by substantial hormonal, metabolic and immunological changes during which gut microbiota is also remarkably remodeled. Dietary fiber has been demonstrated to have a striking role in shifting the microbial composition so as to improve host metabolism and health in non-pregnant individuals. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of adding a soluble dietary fiber inulin (0 or 1.5%) to low- or high- fat (0 or 5% fat addition) gestational diet on maternal and neonatal health and fecal microbial composition in a sow model. Results showed that inulin addition decreased the gestational body weight gain and fat accumulation induced by fat addition. Circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, adipokine leptin and chemerin were decreased by inulin supplementation. Inulin addition remarkably reduced the average BMI of newborn piglets and the within litter BMI distributions (%) ranging between 17 and 20 kg/m2, and increased the BMI distribution ranging between 14 and 17 kg/m2. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region showed that fecal microbial changes at different taxonomic levels triggered by inulin addition predisposed the pregnant sow to be thinner and lower inflammatory. Meanwhile, fecal microbial composition was also profoundly altered by gestation stage with distinct changes occurring at perinatal period. Most representative volatile fatty acid (VFA) producing-related genera changed dramatically when reaching the perinatal period and varied degrees of increases were detected with inulin addition. Fecal VFA concentrations failed to show any significant effect with dietary intervention, however, were markedly increased at perinatal period. Our findings indicate that positive microbial changes resulted by 1.5% soluble fiber inulin addition would possibly be the potential mechanisms under which maternal body weight, metabolic and inflammatory status and neonatal BMI were improved. Besides, distinct changes of microbial community at perinatal period indicated the mother sow is undergoing a catabolic state with increased energy loss and inflammation response at that period compared with other stages of gestation.

Project description:Feed additives aiming to improve gastrointestinal health are frequently supplied to piglets after weaning (d28) but might be more effective when administered before weaning. In this period, feed additives can either be administered directly to neonates, or indirectly via sow's feed. It is yet unknown what the effect of the administration route is on gut functionality and health in the piglets. Therefore, we compared the effect of different dietary interventions on gut functionality after maternal administration (lactation feed) to the neonatal administration route (oral gavage). These feed interventions included medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), beta-glucans (BG), and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). For the maternal administration route, MCFA showed a significant difference in alpha diversity parameter, observed species at d1 and one differentially expressed gene (DEG), and 99 DEG at d31. Pathway enrichment analysis showed association to immune processes and metabolism. For BG, only 21 DEG were observed at d31, these DEGs were associated to signal transduction and sympathetic nerve pathway. For GOS, 816 DEG were observed for GOS at d1, and 77 at d31, where DEGs at d1 were associated to immune processes. For the neonatal administration route, MCFA showed 94 DEG and GOS 6 DEG. Where DEGs in MCFA were mainly associated to cell adhesion processes. When comparing the administration routes directly between treatment groups, we observed significant differences in alpha diversity parameters, observed species at d31 for MCFA, Shannon for GOS, as well as for beta diversity in GOS. For MCFA 515 DEG were observed, for BG 503 DEG, and for GOS 996 DEG. Where for MCFA most pathways were associated to immunological processes, BG showed more metabolism, and GOS mainly metabolism with a few immunological processes. The type of intervention and the administration route influence gut functionality of the piglets. MCFA administration led to a more differentially orchestrated response when comparing the neonatal and maternal administration route then the other two additives. This implies that for each nutritional intervention in early life of a pig the optimal route of administration needs to be determined.

Dataset Information

Dietary Inulin Regulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Neonatal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model.

Publications

Dietary Inulin Regulated Gut Microbiota and Improved Neonatal Health in a Pregnant Sow Model.

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