Dataset Information

Modeling Carbon Balance and Sugar Content of Vitis vinifera under Two Different Trellis Systems.

ABSTRACT: Environmental factors might influence the carbon balance and sugar content in grapevine. In this two-year research, the STELLA software was employed to predict dry matter accumulation in Sangiovese vines, comparing the traditional vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and the single high wire (SHW) trellis systems. Every week, vegetative, eco-physiological and grape quality parameters were collected for 15 tagged vines per trellis system to set up the software. Significant differences in photosynthesis were recorded in 2014, with higher values in VSP (23-25% more). Shoot growth was significantly higher in VSP (20-25% more), whereas higher dry matter (30%) and yield (9-11% more) were detected for SHW. At harvest, berry composition suggested a slower ripening in SHW compared to VSP, which was linked to the shading of clusters in SHW. Finally, for the first time, linear regressions were found between measured berry sugar content and STELLA-estimated dry matter (R2 = 0.96 in VSP; R2 = 0.95 in SHW). This latter evidence allowed the estimation of berry sugar content, showing this software to be a practical tool to support winegrowers in decision making. Other studies are already underway to calibrate and validate the model for other varieties, training systems and environments.

SUBMITTER: Salvi L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8402180 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modeling Carbon Balance and Sugar Content of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> under Two Different Trellis Systems.

Salvi Linda L Cataldo Eleonora E Sbraci Sofia S Paoli Francesca F Fucile Maddalena M Nistor Eleonora E Mattii Giovan Battista GB

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20210815 8

Environmental factors might influence the carbon balance and sugar content in grapevine. In this two-year research, the STELLA software was employed to predict dry matter accumulation in Sangiovese vines, comparing the traditional vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and the single high wire (SHW) trellis systems. Every week, vegetative, eco-physiological and grape quality parameters were collected for 15 tagged vines per trellis system to set up the software. Significant differences in photosynthes ...[more]

PMID: 34451720

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Project description:Background and aimsScaling from single-leaf to whole-canopy photosynthesis faces several complexities related to variations in light interception and leaf properties. To evaluate the impact of canopy strucuture on gas exchange, we developed a functional-structural plant model to upscale leaf processes to the whole canopy based on leaf N content. The model integrates different models that calculate intercepted radiation, leaf traits and gas exchange for each leaf in the canopy. Our main objectives were (1) to introduce the gas exchange model developed at the plant level by integrating the leaf-level responses related to canopy structure, (2) to test the model against an independent canopy gas exchange dataset recorded on different plant architectures, and (3) to quantify the impact of intra-canopy N distribution on crop photosynthesis.MethodsThe model combined a 3D reconstruction of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopy architecture, a light interception model, and a coupled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance model that considers light-driven variations in N distribution. A portable chamber device was constructed to measure whole-plant gas exchange to validate the model outputs with data collected on different training systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact on C assimilation of different N content distributions within the canopy.Key resultsBy considering a non-uniform leaf N distribution within the canopy, our model accurately reproduced the daily pattern of gas exchange of different canopy architectures. The gain in photosynthesis permitted by the non-uniform compared with a theoretical uniform N distribution was about 18 %, thereby contributing to the maximization of C assimilation. By contrast, considering a maximal N content for all leaves in the canopy overestimated net CO2 exchange by 28 % when compared with the non-uniform distribution.ConclusionsThe model reproduced the gas exchange of plants under different training systems with a low error (10 %). It appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of a grapevine training system on water use efficiency at the plant level.

Project description:Elevated temperatures during berry ripening have been shown to affect grape quality. The crop forcing technique (summer pruning that 'force' the vine to start a new cycle) has been shown to improve berry quality by delaying the harvest date. However, yield is typically reduced on forced vines, which is attributed to vine low carbon availability soon after forcing and likely incomplete inflorescence formation. The present study aims to estimate the carbon balance of forced vines and evaluate vine responses to changes in carbon patterns due to forcing. Three treatments were studied on Tempranillo cultivar: non-forced vines (Control), vines forced shortly after fruit set (CFearly) and vines forced one month later at the beginning of bunch closure (CFlate). Whole canopy net carbon exchange was modelled and validated using two whole canopy gas exchange chambers. In addition, non-structural carbohydrate reserves at budburst, forcing date and harvest, were analysed. Yield, yield components and vegetative growth were also evaluated. Harvest date was delayed by one and two months in the CFearly and CFlate, respectively, which increased must acidity. However, yield was lower in the forced treatments compared to the Control (49% lower for CFearly and 82% for CFlate). In the second year, at the time when CFearly and CFlate dormant buds were unlocked (forced budburst), forced vines had significantly lower non-structural carbohydrates than Control vines at budburst. Although the time elapsed from budburst to reach maximum net carbon exchange was longer for the Control treatment (80 days) than for the forced treatments (about 40 days), average daily net carbon exchange until harvest was comparable between Control (60.9 g CO2/vine/day) and CFearly (55.9 g CO2/vine/day), but not for CFlate (38.7 g CO2/vine/day). In addition, the time elapsed from budburst to harvest was shorter in forced treatments (about 124 days) than for the Control (172 days). As a result, the cumulative net carbon exchange until harvest was reduced by 35% (CFearly) and 55% (CFlate) in the forced treatments. However, no differences in carbon reserves at harvest were observed between treatments partly helped by the higher source:sink ratio observed in forced than Control vines.

Project description:BACKGROUND: In higher plants, sugars are not only nutrients but also important signal molecules. They are distributed through the plant via sugar transporters, which are involved not only in sugar long-distance transport via the loading and the unloading of the conducting complex, but also in sugar allocation into source and sink cells. The availability of the recently released grapevine genome sequence offers the opportunity to identify sucrose and monosaccharide transporter gene families in a woody species and to compare them with those of the herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana using a phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: In grapevine, one of the most economically important fruit crop in the world, it appeared that sucrose and monosaccharide transporter genes are present in 4 and 59 loci, respectively and that the monosaccharide transporter family can be divided into 7 subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences has indicated that orthologs exist between Vitis and Arabidospis. A search for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter sequences of the most characterized transporter gene families (sucrose, hexoses and polyols transporters), has revealed that some of them might probably be regulated by sugars. To profile several genes simultaneously, we created a macroarray bearing cDNA fragments specific to 20 sugar transporter genes. This macroarray analysis has revealed that two hexose (VvHT1, VvHT3), one polyol (VvPMT5) and one sucrose (VvSUC27) transporter genes, are highly expressed in most vegetative organs. The expression of one hexose transporter (VvHT2) and two tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter (VvTMT1, VvTMT2) genes are regulated during berry development. Finally, three putative hexose transporter genes show a preferential organ specificity being highly expressed in seeds (VvHT3, VvHT5), in roots (VvHT2) or in mature leaves (VvHT5). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an exhaustive survey of sugar transporter genes in Vitis vinifera and revealed that sugar transporter gene families in this woody plant are strongly comparable to those of herbaceous species. Dedicated macroarrays have provided a Vitis sugar transporter genes expression profiling, which will likely contribute to understand their physiological functions in plant and berry development. The present results might also have a significant impact on our knowledge on plant sugar transporters.

Dataset Information

Modeling Carbon Balance and Sugar Content of Vitis vinifera under Two Different Trellis Systems.

Publications

Modeling Carbon Balance and Sugar Content of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> under Two Different Trellis Systems.

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