Anemia in heart failure: still an unsolved enigma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Anemia affects one-third of heart failure patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite being one of the commonest comorbidities associated with heart failure, there is a significant knowledge gap about management of anemia in the setting of heart failure due to conflicting evidence from recent trials.

Main body

The etiology of anemia in heart failure is multifactorial, with absolute and functional iron deficiency, decreased erythropoietin levels and erythropoietin resistance, inflammatory state and heart failure medications being the important causative factors. Anemia adversely affects the already compromised hemodynamics in heart failure, besides being commonly associated with more comorbidities and more severe disease. Though low h

SUBMITTER: Sharma YP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8403217 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature