Dataset Information

Biomonitoring of Phthalates, Bisphenols and Parabens in Children: Exposure, Predictors and Risk Assessment.

ABSTRACT: Exposure to emerging contaminants, such as phthalates, bisphenols and parabens in children has been associated with possible neurodevelopment and endocrine alterations. In the present study, the biomonitoring of biomarkers in children (5-12 years old) from the Valencia Region (Spain) have been implemented using urines from the BIOVAL program. More than 75% of the children studied (n = 562) were internally exposed (>LOQ) to bisphenols and parabens, and the whole population assessed (n = 557) were exposed to at least one phthalate. The geometric means (GM) of the concentrations of bisphenol A, methyl paraben and propyl paraben were 0.9, 1.4 and 0.39 ng/mL, respectively. Regarding phthalates, monoethyl phthalate GM was 55.0 ng/mL and diethyl hexyl phthalate (as the sum of five metabolites) GM was 60.6 ng/mL. Despite the studied population being widely exposed, the detection frequencies and concentrations were in general lower than in previous studies involving children in Spain and in other countries in recent years. Furthermore, the risk assessment study concluded that the internal exposure to phthalates, bisphenols and parabens is lower than the guidance values established, and, therefore, a health risk derived from the exposure to these compounds in the studied population is not expected.

SUBMITTER: Dualde P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8431397 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Biomonitoring of Phthalates, Bisphenols and Parabens in Children: Exposure, Predictors and Risk Assessment.

Dualde Pablo P León Nuria N Sanchis Yovana Y Corpas-Burgos Francisca F Fernández Sandra F SF Hernández Cristina S CS Saez Guillermo G Pérez-Zafra Erika E Mora-Herranz Antonio A Pardo Olga O Coscollà Clara C López Antonio A Yusà Vicent V On Behalf Of The Bioval Task Force

International journal of environmental research and public health 20210824 17

Exposure to emerging contaminants, such as phthalates, bisphenols and parabens in children has been associated with possible neurodevelopment and endocrine alterations. In the present study, the biomonitoring of biomarkers in children (5-12 years old) from the Valencia Region (Spain) have been implemented using urines from the BIOVAL program. More than 75% of the children studied (<i>n</i> = 562) were internally exposed (>LOQ) to bisphenols and parabens, and the whole population assessed (<i>n</ ...[more]

PMID: 34501500

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Project description:BackgroundSchool-aged children living near plastics-producing factories may have higher risk of exposure to phthalates released during the manufacturing processes.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex and estimate the cumulative risk of phthalate exposure.MethodsWe used a well-established cohort (Taiwan Petrochemical Complex Cohort for Children, TPE3C) of school-aged children (6-13 years old) living near polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) factories in central Taiwan from October 2013 to September 2014. A total of 257 children were included from five elementary schools: Syu-Cuo Branch (n = 58, school A, ~0.9 km), Feng-An (n = 40, school B, ~2.7 km), Ciao-Tou (n = 58, school C, ~5.5 km), Mai-Liao (n = 37, school D, ~6.9 km), and Lung-Feng (n = 57, school E, ~8.6 km). We analyzed 11 metabolites of seven phthalates (including di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP)) in urine. Daily intakes (DIs) were compared with acceptable intake levels to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) for individual phthalates, and the cumulative risk for each child was assessed using a hazard index (HI), which was the sum of the the individual HQs.ResultsThe geometric mean and proportion of participants with HIs exceeding one for hepatic (HIhep) and reproductive (HIrep) effects were 0.33 (13.2%) and 0.24 (7.8%), respectively. The major contributors to phthalate exposure risk were DEHP, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) and DnBP in all children. Moreover, we observed a U shaped distribution of DEHP exposure by school distance from the PVC and VCM factories (school A: 7.48 μg/kg/day and school E: 80.44 μg/kg/day). This may be due to emissions (closest) and and being located downwind of PVC scrap incineration (farthest).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that children living near a petrochemical complex were at a greater risk of phthalate exposure than normal school-aged children and that phthalate exposure was mainly attributed to DEHP, DiBP and DnBP. In addition, inhalation may have been a risk factor for people living near to PVC and VCM factories.

Project description:Parabens have been used for decades as preservatives in food, drugs and cosmetics. The majority however, were banned in 2009 and 2014 leaving only methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-derivates available for subsequent use. Methyl- and propylparaben have been extensively tested in vivo, with no resulting evidence for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART). In contrast, ethylparaben has not yet been tested for DART in animal experiments, and it is currently debated if additional animal studies are warranted. In order to perform a comparison of the four currently-approved parabens, we used a previously established in vitro test based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that are exposed to test substances during their differentiation to neuroectodermal cells. EC50 values for cytotoxicity were 906 µM, 698 µM, 216 µM and 63 µM for methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben, respectively, demonstrating that cytotoxicity increases with increasing alkyl chain length. Genome-wide analysis demonstrated that FDR-adjusted significant gene expression changes occurred only at cytotoxic or close to cytotoxic concentrations, for example 1,720 differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 1,000 µM ethylparaben, 1 DEG at 316 µM, and no DEG at 100 µM or lower concentrations. The highest concentration of ethylparaben that did not induce any cytotoxicity nor DEG was 1670-fold above the highest published concentrations reported in biomonitoring studies (60 nM ethylparaben in cord blood). In conclusion, cytotoxicity and gene expression alterations of ethylparaben occurred at concentrations of approximately three orders of magnitude above human blood concentrations; moreover, the substance fitted well into a scenario where toxicity increases with the alkyl chain length, and gene expression changes only occur at cytotoxic or close to cytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, no evidence was obtained suggesting that in vivo DART with ethylparaben would lead to different results as the methyl- or propyl derivates.

Dataset Information

Biomonitoring of Phthalates, Bisphenols and Parabens in Children: Exposure, Predictors and Risk Assessment.

Publications

Biomonitoring of Phthalates, Bisphenols and Parabens in Children: Exposure, Predictors and Risk Assessment.

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