Dataset Information

Overdominance at the Gene Expression Level Plays a Critical Role in the Hybrid Root Growth of Brassica napus.

ABSTRACT: Despite heterosis contributing to genetic improvements in crops, root growth heterosis in rapeseed plants is poorly understood at the molecular level. The current study was performed to discover key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to heterosis in two hybrids with contrasting root growth performance (FO; high hybrid and FV; low hybrid) based on analysis of the root heterosis effect. Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis, we believe that the overdominance at the gene expression level plays a critical role in hybrid roots' early biomass heterosis. Our findings imply that a considerable increase in up-regulation of gene expression underpins heterosis. In the FO hybrid, high expression of DEGs overdominant in the starch/sucrose and galactose metabolic pathways revealed a link between hybrid vigor and root growth. DEGs linked to auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and abscisic acid were also specified, showing that these hormones may enhance mechanisms of root growth and the development in the FO hybrid. Moreover, transcription factors such as MYB, ERF, bHLH, NAC, bZIP, and WRKY are thought to control downstream genes involved in root growth. Overall, this is the first study to provide a better understanding related to the regulation of the molecular mechanism of heterosis, which assists in rapeseed growth and yield improvement.

SUBMITTER: Shalby N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8431428 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overdominance at the Gene Expression Level Plays a Critical Role in the Hybrid Root Growth of <i>Brassica napus</i>.

Shalby Nesma N Mohamed Ibrahim A A IAA Xiong Jie J Hu Kaining K Yang Yebitao Y Nishawy Elsayed E Yi Bin B Wen Jing J Ma Chaozhi C Shen Jinxiong J Fu Tingdong T Tu Jinxing J

International journal of molecular sciences 20210826 17

Despite heterosis contributing to genetic improvements in crops, root growth heterosis in rapeseed plants is poorly understood at the molecular level. The current study was performed to discover key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to heterosis in two hybrids with contrasting root growth performance (FO; high hybrid and FV; low hybrid) based on analysis of the root heterosis effect. Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis, we believe that the overdominance at the gene expressio ...[more]

PMID: 34502153

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Project description:BackgroundAllopolyploids require rapid genetic and epigenetic modifications to reconcile two or more sets of divergent genomes. To better understand the fate of duplicate genes following genomic mergers and doubling during allopolyploid formation, in this study, we explored the global gene expression patterns in resynthesized allotetraploid Brassica napus (AACC) and its diploid parents B. rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC) using RNA sequencing of leaf transcriptomes.ResultsWe found that allopolyploid B. napus formation was accompanied by extensive changes (approximately one-third of the expressed genes) in the parental gene expression patterns ('transcriptome shock'). Interestingly, the majority (85%) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were downregulated in the allotetraploid. Moreover, the homoeolog expression bias (relative contribution of homoeologs to the transcriptome) and expression level dominance (total expression level of both homoeologs) were thoroughly investigated by monitoring the expression of 23,766 B. oleracea-B. rapa orthologous gene pairs. Approximately 36.5% of the expressed gene pairs displayed expression bias with a slight preference toward the A-genome. In addition, 39.6, 4.9 and 9.0% of the expressed gene pairs exhibited expression level dominance (ELD), additivity expression and transgressive expression, respectively. The genome-wide ELD was also biased toward the A-genome in the resynthesized B. napus. To explain the ELD phenomenon, we compared the individual homoeolog expression levels relative to those of the diploid parents and found that ELD in the direction of the higher-expression parent can be explained by the downregulation of homoeologs from the dominant parent or upregulation of homoeologs from the nondominant parent; however, ELD in the direction of the lower-expression parent can be explained only by the downregulation of the nondominant parent or both homoeologs. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that the alteration in the gene expression patterns could be a prominent cause of the phenotypic variation between the newly formed B. napus and its parental species.ConclusionsCollectively, our data provide insight into the rapid repatterning of gene expression at the beginning of Brassica allopolyploidization and enhance our knowledge of allopolyploidization processes.

Project description:Lipoic acid (LA) and melatonin (MT) are pleiotropic molecules participating in plant stress resistance by modulating cellular biochemical changes, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant enzyme activities. However, the combined role of these two molecules in counteracting the detrimental impacts of salinity stress is still unknown. In the present study, we determined the effects of exogenous LA (0.5 µM), MT (1 µM) and their combination (LA + MT) on growth performance and biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, and ions homeostatic in canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings under salinity stress (0, 100 mM) for 40 days. The results indicate that exogenous application of LA + MT improved the phenotypic growth (by 25 to 45%), root thickness (by 68%), number of later lateral roots (by 52%), root viability (by 44%), and root length (by 50%) under salinity stress. Moreover, total soluble protein, chlorophyll pigments, the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase peroxidase (CAT), and ascorbic peroxidase (ASA) increased with the presence of salt concentration into the growth media and then decreased with the addition of LA + MT to saline solution. Leaf protein contents and the degradation of photosynthetic pigments were lower when LA + MT treatments were added into NaCl media. The proline and phenol contents decreased in the exogenous application of LA + MT treatments more than individual LA or MT treatments under the salinity stress. The incorporation of LA or MT or a combination of LA + MT to saline solution decreased salinity-induced malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. In conclusion, the alteration of metabolic pathways, redox modulation, and ions homeostasis in plant tissues by the combined LA and MT application are helpful towards the adaptation of Brassica napus L. seedlings in a saline environment. The results of this study provide, for the first time, conclusive evidence about the protective role of exogenous LA + MT in canola seedlings under salinity stress.

Dataset Information

Overdominance at the Gene Expression Level Plays a Critical Role in the Hybrid Root Growth of Brassica napus.

Publications

Overdominance at the Gene Expression Level Plays a Critical Role in the Hybrid Root Growth of <i>Brassica napus</i>.

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