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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant lethality in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice.

ABSTRACT: This study compared the lethality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants belonging to the S, V, L, G, GH, and GR clades using K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 heterozygous mice. To estimate the 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀) of each variant, increasing viral loads (10⁰-10⁴ plaque-forming units [PFU]) were administered intranasally. Mouse weight and survival were monitored for 14 days. The LD₅₀ of the GH and GR clades was significantly lower than that of other clades at 50 PFU. These findings suggest that the GH and GR clades, which are prevalent worldwide, are more virulent than the other clades.

SUBMITTER: Lee TY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8437746 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant lethality in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice.

Lee Tae-Young TY Lee Hansaem H Kim Nayoung N Jeon Pyeonghwa P Kim Jun-Won JW Lim Hee-Young HY Yang Jeong-Sun JS Kim Kyung-Chang KC Lee Joo-Yeon JY

Virus research 20210914

This study compared the lethality of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants belonging to the S, V, L, G, GH, and GR clades using K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 heterozygous mice. To estimate the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of each variant, increasing viral loads (100-104 plaque-forming units [PFU]) were administered intranasally. Mouse weight and survival were monitored for 14 days. The LD50 of the GH and GR clades was significa ...[more]

PMID: 34530046

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Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented global public health and economic crisis. The origin and emergence of its causal agent, SARS-CoV-2, in the human population remains mysterious, although bat and pangolin were proposed to be the natural reservoirs. Strikingly, unlike the SARS-CoV-2-like coronaviruses (CoVs) identified in bats and pangolins, SARS-CoV-2 harbors a polybasic furin cleavage site in its spike (S) glycoprotein. SARS-CoV-2 uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor to infect cells. Receptor recognition by the S protein is the major determinant of host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. In an effort to search for the potential intermediate or amplifying animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2, we examined receptor activity of ACE2 from 14 mammal species and found that ACE2s from multiple species can support the infectious entry of lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the wild-type or furin cleavage site-deficient S protein of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 of human/rhesus monkey and rat/mouse exhibited the highest and lowest receptor activities, respectively. Among the remaining species, ACE2s from rabbit and pangolin strongly bound to the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and efficiently supported the pseudotyped virus infection. These findings have important implications for understanding potential natural reservoirs, zoonotic transmission, human-to-animal transmission, and use of animal models.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 as a primary receptor for host cell entry. Viral entry mediated by the interaction of ACE2 with spike protein largely determines host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission. We examined the receptor activity of 14 ACE2 orthologs and found that wild-type and mutant SARS-CoV-2 lacking the furin cleavage site in S protein could utilize ACE2 from a broad range of animal species to enter host cells. These results have important implications in the natural hosts, interspecies transmission, animal models, and molecular basis of receptor binding for SARS-CoV-2.

Dataset Information

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant lethality in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice.

Publications

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant lethality in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice.

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