Itaconic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects via promoting pentose phosphate pathway to produce ROS.

ABSTRACT: Itaconic acid is produced by immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1)-coded enzyme in activated macrophages and known to play an important role in metabolism and immunity. In this study, mechanism of itaconic acid functioning as an anti-inflammatory metabolite was investigated with molecular biology and immunology techniques, by employing IRG1-null (prepared with CRISPR) and wild-type macrophages. Experimental results showed that itaconic acid significantly promoted the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which subsequently led to significantly higher NADPH oxidase activity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS production increased the expression of anti-inflammatory gene A20, which in turn decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. NF-κB, which can up-r

SUBMITTER: Zhu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8438069 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature