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Investigating the Shape of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Bamboo Using a Superellipse Equation.

ABSTRACT: The shoot apical meristem is the origin of bamboo wood. Its structure and morphology are important for maintaining the normal development of bamboo wood. However, the traditional method to describe the morphology of the shoot apical meristem in bamboo or other plants only depends on qualitative approaches. Here we present a protocol for precisely describing the morphology of bamboo shoot apical meristem, which is adapted from our recently published papers ( Shi et al., 2015 ; Wei et al., 2017 ).

SUBMITTER: Wei Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8438498 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Investigating the Shape of the Shoot Apical Meristem in Bamboo Using a Superellipse Equation.

Wei Qiang Q Shi Peijian P

Bio-protocol 20171205 23

The shoot apical meristem is the origin of bamboo wood. Its structure and morphology are important for maintaining the normal development of bamboo wood. However, the traditional method to describe the morphology of the shoot apical meristem in bamboo or other plants only depends on qualitative approaches. Here we present a protocol for precisely describing the morphology of bamboo shoot apical meristem, which is adapted from our recently published papers ( Shi <i>et al.</i>, 2015 ; Wei <i>et al ...[more]

PMID: 34595309

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Project description:A fundamental question in developmental biology is how spatial patterns are self-organized from homogeneous structures. In 1952, Turing proposed the reaction-diffusion model in order to explain this issue. Experimental evidence of reaction-diffusion patterns in living organisms was first provided by the pigmentation pattern on the skin of fishes in 1995. However, whether or not this mechanism plays an essential role in developmental events of living organisms remains elusive. Here we show that a reaction-diffusion model can successfully explain the shoot apical meristem (SAM) development of plants. SAM of plants resides in the top of each shoot and consists of a central zone (CZ) and a surrounding peripheral zone (PZ). SAM contains stem cells and continuously produces new organs throughout the lifespan. Molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the formation and maintenance of the SAM are essentially regulated by the feedback interaction between WUSHCEL (WUS) and CLAVATA (CLV). We developed a mathematical model of the SAM based on a reaction-diffusion dynamics of the WUS-CLV interaction, incorporating cell division and the spatial restriction of the dynamics. Our model explains the various SAM patterns observed in plants, for example, homeostatic control of SAM size in the wild type, enlarged or fasciated SAM in clv mutants, and initiation of ectopic secondary meristems from an initial flattened SAM in wus mutant. In addition, the model is supported by comparing its prediction with the expression pattern of WUS in the wus mutant. Furthermore, the model can account for many experimental results including reorganization processes caused by the CZ ablation and by incision through the meristem center. We thus conclude that the reaction-diffusion dynamics is probably indispensable for the SAM development of plants.

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