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Robust innate responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children resolve faster than in adults without compromising adaptive immunity.

ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe than it is in adults. We perform a longitudinal analysis of the early innate responses in children and adults with mild infection within household clusters. Children display fewer symptoms than adults do, despite similar initial viral load, and mount a robust anti-viral immune signature typical of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by early interferon gene responses; increases in cytokines, such as CXCL10 and GM-CSF; and changes in blood cell numbers. When compared with adults, the antiviral response resolves faster (within a week of symptoms), monocytes and dendritic cells are more transiently activated, and genes associated with B cell activation appear earlier in children. Nonetheless, these differences do not have major effects on the quality of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses. Our findings reveal that better early control of inflammation as observed in children may be key for rapidly controlling infection and limiting the disease course.

SUBMITTER: Vono M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8440231 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Robust innate responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children resolve faster than in adults without compromising adaptive immunity.

Vono Maria M Huttner Angela A Lemeille Sylvain S Martinez-Murillo Paola P Meyer Benjamin B Baggio Stephanie S Sharma Shilpee S Thiriard Anais A Marchant Arnaud A Godeke Gert-Jan GJ Reusken Chantal C Alvarez Catia C Perez-Rodriguez Francisco F Eckerle Isabella I Kaiser Laurent L Loevy Natasha N Eberhardt Christiane S CS Blanchard-Rohner Geraldine G Siegrist Claire-Anne CA Didierlaurent Arnaud M AM

Cell reports 20210915 1

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less severe than it is in adults. We perform a longitudinal analysis of the early innate responses in children and adults with mild infection within household clusters. Children display fewer symptoms than adults do, despite similar initial viral load, and mount a robust anti-viral immune signature typical of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by early interferon gene responses; increases in cytokines, such as CXCL10 and GM-CSF; and changes in blood ce ...[more]

PMID: 34587479

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Project description:Inflammatory mechanisms have been increasingly implicated in the origin of seizures and epilepsy. These mechanisms are involved in the genesis of encephalitides in which seizures are a common complaint. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests different inflammatory responses in the brains of patients with epilepsy depending on the etiology. In general, activation of both innate and adaptive immunity plays a role in refractory forms of epilepsy. Epilepsies in which seizures develop after infiltration of cells of the adaptive immune system in the central nervous system (CNS) include a broad range of epileptic disorders with different (known or unknown) etiologies. Infiltration of lymphocytes is observed in autoimmune epilepsies, especially the classical paraneoplastic encephalitides with antibodies against intracellular tumor antigens. The presence of lymphocytes in the CNS also has been found in focal cerebral dysplasia type 2 and in cortical tubers. Various autoantibodies have been shown to be associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis of unknown etiology, which may be due to the presence of viral DNA. During the last decade, an increasing number of antineuronal autoantibodies directed against membranous epitopes have been discovered and are associated with various neurologic syndromes, including limbic encephalitis. A major challenge in epilepsy is to define biomarkers, which would allow the recognition of patient populations who might benefit from immune-modulatory therapies. Some peripheral inflammatory markers appear to be differentially expressed in patients with medically controlled and medically refractory and, as such, could be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic purposes. Establishing an autoimmune basis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy allows for efficacious and targeted immunotherapy. Although current immunotherapies can give great benefit to the correctly identified patient, there are limitations to their efficacy and they may have considerable side effects. Thus the identification of new immunomodulatory compounds remains of utmost importance.

Dataset Information

Robust innate responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children resolve faster than in adults without compromising adaptive immunity.

Publications

Robust innate responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children resolve faster than in adults without compromising adaptive immunity.

Similar Datasets

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