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SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization, severity, criticality, and fatality rates in Qatar.

ABSTRACT: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality as well as severe economic and societal disruptions. Despite scientific progress, true infection severity, factoring both diagnosed and undiagnosed infections, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 age-stratified and overall morbidity and mortality rates based on analysis of extensive epidemiological data for the pervasive epidemic in Qatar, a country where < 9% of the population are ≥ 50 years. We show that SARS-CoV-2 severity and fatality demonstrate a striking age dependence with low values for those aged < 50 years, but rapidly growing rates for those ≥ 50 years. Age dependence was particularly pronounced for infection criticality rate and infection fatality rate. With Qatar's young population, overall SARS-CoV-2 severity and fatality were not high with < 4 infections in every 1000 being severe or critical and < 2 in every 10,000 being fatal. Only 13 infections in every 1000 received any hospitalization in acute-care-unit beds and < 2 in every 1000 were hospitalized in intensive-care-unit beds. However, we show that these rates would have been much higher if Qatar's population had the demographic structure of Europe or the United States. Epidemic expansion in nations with young populations may lead to considerably lower disease burden than currently believed.

SUBMITTER: Seedat S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8440606 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization, severity, criticality, and fatality rates in Qatar.

Seedat Shaheen S Chemaitelly Hiam H Ayoub Houssein H HH Makhoul Monia M Mumtaz Ghina R GR Al Kanaani Zaina Z Al Khal Abdullatif A Al Kuwari Einas E Butt Adeel A AA Coyle Peter P Jeremijenko Andrew A Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan AH Latif Ali Nizar AN Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad RM Yassine Hadi M HM Al Kuwari Mohamed G MG Al Romaihi Hamad Eid HE Al-Thani Mohamed H MH Bertollini Roberto R Abu-Raddad Laith J LJ

Scientific reports 20210914 1

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality as well as severe economic and societal disruptions. Despite scientific progress, true infection severity, factoring both diagnosed and undiagnosed infections, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 age-stratified and overall morbidity and mortality rates based on analysis of extensive epidemiological data for the pervasive epidemic in Qatar, a country where < 9% of the population are ≥ 50 years. ...[more]

PMID: 34521903

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Project description:There has been much discussion and debate around underreporting of deaths in India in media articles and in the scientific literature. In this brief report, we aim to meta-analyze the available/inferred estimates of infection fatality rates for SARS-CoV-2 in India based on the existent literature. These estimates account for uncaptured deaths and infections. We consider empirical excess death estimates based on all-cause mortality data as well as disease transmission-based estimates that rely on assumptions regarding infection transmission and ascertainment rates in India. Through an initial systematic review (Zimmermann et al., 2021) that followed PRISMA guidelines and comprised a search of databases PubMed, Embase, Global Index Medicus, as well as BioRxiv, MedRxiv, and SSRN for preprints (accessed through iSearch) on July 3, 2021, we further extended the search verification through May 26, 2022. The screening process yielded 15 studies qualitatively analyzed, of which 9 studies with 11 quantitative estimates were included in the meta-analysis. Using a random effects meta-analysis framework, we obtain a pooled estimate of nationwide infection fatality rate (defined as the ratio of estimated deaths over estimated infections) and a corresponding confidence interval. Death underreporting from excess deaths studies varies by a factor of 6.1-13.0 with nationwide cumulative excess deaths ranging from 2.6-6.3 million, whereas the underreporting from disease transmission-based studies varies by a factor of 3.5-7.3 with SARS-CoV-2 related nationwide estimated total deaths ranging from 1.4-3.4 million, through June 2021 with some estimates extending to 31 December 2021. Underreporting of infections was found previously (Zimmermann et al., 2021) to be 24.9 (relying on the latest 4th nationwide serosurvey from 14 June-6 July 2021 prior to launch of the vaccination program). Conservatively, by considering the lower values of these available estimates, we infer that approximately 95% of infections and 71% of deaths were not accounted for in the reported figures in India. Nationwide pooled infection fatality rate estimate for India is 0.51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45%- 0.58%). We often tend to compare countries across the world in terms of total reported cases and deaths. Although the US has the highest number of reported cumulative deaths globally, after accounting for underreporting, India appears to have the highest number of cumulative total deaths (reported + unreported). However, the large number of estimated infections in India leads to a lower infection fatality rate estimate than the US, which in part is due to the younger population in India. We emphasize that the age-structure of different countries must be taken into consideration while making such comparisons. More granular data are needed to examine heterogeneities across various demographic groups to identify at-risk and underserved populations with high COVID mortality; the hope is that such disaggregated mortality data will soon be made available for India.

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Project description:INTRODUCTION:The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed a real challenge to health systems. In Spain, the heterogeneous distribution of the virus infection and the different health strategies have conditioned the morbidity and fatality rate. The aim of this study was to analyse the lethality of the infection by sex and age range in the Autonomous Communities (AC) of Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS:To perform the analysis, data were extracted from the Ministry of Health, Regional and Public Health Departments of the different AC. The infected population was estimated from the results of the ENE-COVID19 and the population registered on 1 January 2020 (INE) for the validity of the IgG antibody test with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The case fatality rate (TL) (deaths/1000 estimated infected) by sex and age (<20years, 20-64 and ?65years) was calculated for each AC. The standardized case fatality ratio (REL) was calculated by the exact method (EPIDAT). RESULTS:The estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain was 6% (range, 1.4% [Ceuta] -14.1% [Community of Madrid]). The TL in Spain was 9,6/1000, ranged per AC from 1/1000 in Melilla to 26.6/1000 in La Rioja, with no correlation between case fatality and prevalence of infection. The TL was higher in men (10.2/1000, ratio 1.17 with respect to women), except in Cataluña (ratio 0.92), and especially high in those over 64years of age in La Rioja (143.5/1000), Asturias (69.2/1000) and Basque Country (46.6/1000). Overall excess REL was found to be over 30% in La Rioja (2.91; 95%CI: 2.36-3.57), Asturias (1.51; 95%CI: 1.27-1.80), Basque Country (1.42; 95%CI: 1.31-1.54) and Extremadura (1.37; 95%CI: 1.20-1.57) and in those over 64 years in Madrid and the Canary Islands. CONCLUSIONS:SARs-CoV-2 virus infection has been very unevenly distributed in the different ACs, with notably differences in TL between ACs, particularly high in La Rioja, Asturias and the Basque Country. Is important to study the excess in TL the population over 64years of age in the ACs of Madrid and the Canary Islands.

Dataset Information

SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization, severity, criticality, and fatality rates in Qatar.

Publications

SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization, severity, criticality, and fatality rates in Qatar.

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