PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-based treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms affecting efficacy and combination therapies.

ABSTRACT: With the widespread use of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of multiple malignant tumors, they were also gradually applied to advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Nowadays, multiple PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, such as nivolumab, avelumab, and pembrolizumab, have achieved considerable efficacy in clinical trials. However, due to the primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to these mAbs, the efficacy of this immunotherapy is not satisfactory. Theories also vary as to why the difference in efficacy occurs. The alterations of PD-L1 expression and the interference of cellular immunity may affect the efficacy. These mechanisms demand to be revealed to achieve a sustained and complete objective response in patients with aRCC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been proven to have sy

SUBMITTER: Ding L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8446416 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature