Hydroxychloroquine Induces Apoptosis in Cholangiocarcinoma via Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Induced by Autophagy Inhibition.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Despite considerable efforts to improve treatment modalities for cholangiocarcinoma, a common form of malignant tumor, its long-term survival rate remains poor. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a 4-aminoquinoline derivative antimalarial drug that has antimalarial and autophagy inhibition effects and exhibits comprehensive therapeutic effects on various cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the anticancer potential and the underlying molecular mechanism of HCQ in cholangiocarcinoma treatment in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database and Molecular Signatures Database, and the expression profiles of ARGs were downloaded from the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Different expression ge

SUBMITTER: Chen J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8462510 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature