Bmp Signaling Regulates Hand1 in a Dose-Dependent Manner during Heart Development.

ABSTRACT: The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling pathway and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hand1 are known key regulators of cardiac development. In this study, we investigated the Bmp signaling regulation of Hand1 during cardiac outflow tract (OFT) development. In Bmp2 and Bmp4loss-of-function embryos with varying levels of Bmp in the heart, Hand1 is sensitively decreased in response to the dose of Bmp expression. In contrast, Hand1 in the heart is dramatically increased in Bmp4 gain-of-function embryos. We further identified and characterized the Bmp/Smad regulatory elements in Hand1. Combined transfection assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicated that Hand1 is directly activated and bound by Smads. In addition, we found that upon the tr

SUBMITTER: Zheng M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8465227 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature