Dataset Information

Ambient PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

ABSTRACT: Evidence of associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and health outcomes are sparse in the South Asian region due to limited air pollution exposure and quality health data. This study investigated the potential impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka for the year 2019. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the short-term effect of ambient PM on respiratory disease hospitalization. As the second analysis, respiratory disease hospitalizations during two distinct air pollution periods were analyzed. Each 10 μg/m³ increase in same-day exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease hospitalization by 1.95% (0.25, 3.67) and 1.63% (0.16, 3.12), respectively. The effect of PM_2.5 or PM₁₀ on asthma hospitalizations were 4.67% (1.23, 8.23) and 4.04% (1.06, 7.11), respectively (p < 0.05). The 65+ years age group had a higher risk associated with PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ exposure and hospital admissions for all respiratory diseases on the same day (2.74% and 2.28%, respectively). Compared to the lower ambient air pollution period, higher increased hospital admissions were observed among those aged above 65 years, males, and COPD and pneumonia hospital admissions during the high ambient air pollution period. Active efforts are crucial to improve ambient air quality in this region to reduce the health effects.

SUBMITTER: Priyankara S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8466407 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Priyankara Sajith S Senarathna Mahesh M Jayaratne Rohan R Morawska Lidia L Abeysundara Sachith S Weerasooriya Rohan R Knibbs Luke D LD Dharmage Shyamali C SC Yasaratne Duminda D Bowatte Gayan G

International journal of environmental research and public health 20210912 18

Evidence of associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and health outcomes are sparse in the South Asian region due to limited air pollution exposure and quality health data. This study investigated the potential impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka for the year 2019. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the short-term effect of ambient PM on respiratory disease hospitalization. As the second ana ...[more]

PMID: 34574538

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Project description:We quantify the contributions of long-range and regionally transported aerosols to ambient primary PM2.5 and PM10 in a representative United States industrialized/urban atmosphere via detailed elemental analysis and chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling after identifying their presence using a variety of publicly available satellite data/information, software products, and synoptic-scale aerosol models. A year-long study in Houston, Texas identified North African dust as the principal long-range global source of primary particulate matter (PM). CMB estimated transatlantic dust from the Sahara-Sahel region to be dominant in the summer months contributing an average of 3.5 μg m-3 to PM2.5 and 7.9 μg m-3 to PM10 during May-August, i.e., the active Saharan dust season. Biomass burning was the chief source of regionally transported PM impacting air quality on different occasions throughout the year depending on the fire location. Four major biomass combustion events affecting air quality in Texas were calculated to contribute an average of 1.3 μg m-3 to PM2.5 and 1.4 μg m-3 to PM10 in corresponding samples whose origins were tracked to Canada, southeastern states of USA, and Central America using fire maps, HYSPLIT back trajectories, and the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System global aerosol model. Elemental concentrations and signature ratios revealed significant mixing of potassium, rare earth metals, and vanadium from proximal and distal crustal (natural) sources with anthropogenically emitted PM. This demonstrates the need to isolate the non-mineral components of these metals to employ them as tracers for primary PM emitted by biomass burning, petroleum refineries, and oil combustion. Transboundary contributions to primary PM2.5 were 1.5 μg m-3 and 3.1 μg m-3 to PM10 adding 16% to annual average mass concentration of both size fractions demonstrating that local sources were primarily responsible for ambient air quality with non-trivial contributions from international and interstate sources. Rigorously identifying and quantifying aerosol sources assists in improving air quality management policies designed to protect public health and comply with ever-decreasing federal PM standards that allow state agencies to exclude contributions that are not reasonably controllable or preventable from regulatory decisions and actions.

Project description:BackgroundThe respiratory system of children is vulnerable to exposure to particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10) or even lower.ObjectiveThis study assessed PM10 and PM2.5 levels and respiratory health impacts on children in schools located in an industrialized suburb in Kenya.MethodThe PM10 and PM2.5 levels were sampled from five public primary schools in Athi River Township and a control school during the wet and dry seasons. Outdoor and classroom samples were collected concurrently on an 8-hour mean during school hours on two consecutive days in each school and analyzed using gravimetric techniques. Five hundred and seventy-eight (n = 578) pupils aged 9-14 years from these schools were also evaluated for symptoms of respiratory illnesses and lung function using a questionnaire and spirometric method, respectively, during the same periods.ResultsIndoor median PM10 levels (μg/m3) ranged from 60.8-269.1 and 52.8-232.3 and PM2.5 values (μg/m3) of 17.7-52.4 and 28.5-75.5 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The control classrooms had significantly (p <0.05) lower median PM10 levels (μg/m3) of 5.2 and 4.2, and PM2.5 levels (μg/m3) of 3.5 and 3.0 during the respective seasons. Nearly all the classrooms in Athi River schools had PM2.5 and PM10 median levels that exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios varied from 0.35-1.40 and 0.80-2.40 for PM10 and 0.30-0.80 and 0.80-1.40 for PM2.5 during the dry and wet seasons, respectively, suggesting higher levels in the classrooms during the wet season. The relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) presented higher prevalence of respiratory diseases following PM exposure in all the Athi River schools than the control during the dry and wet seasons. At 95% CI, the RR and OR showed strong associations between high PM10 and PM2.5 levels and lung function deficits and vice versa. The association was more prevalent during the wet season.ConclusionsThe study calls for effective indoor air management programs in school environments to reduce PM exposure and respiratory health impacts.Participant consentObtained.Ethics approvalThe research permit and approvals were obtained from the University of Nairobi/Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee (KNH-UoN ERC Reference: P599/08/2016) and the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (Reference: NACOSTI/P/18/4268/25724).Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Ambient PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

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Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

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Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Publications

Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

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OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Ambient PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka.