Dataset Information

Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with long-term macrolides and to describe the factors associated with worse outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Care setting. Patients with macrolides dispensed continuously from 1 October 2019 to 31 March 2020, were considered. Main outcome: diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Secondary outcomes: symptoms, severity, characteristics of patients, comorbidities, concomitant treatments. A total of 3057 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age: 73 (64-81) years; 55% were men; 62% smokers/ex-smokers; 56% obese/overweight. Overall, 95% of patients had chronic respiratory diseases and four comorbidities as a median. Prevalence of COVID-19: 4.8%. This was in accordance with official data during the first wave of the pandemic. The most common symptoms were respiratory: shortness of breath, cough, and pneumonia. Additionally, 53% percent of patients had mild/moderate symptoms, 28% required hospital admission, and 19% died with COVID-19. The percentage of patients hospitalized and deaths were 2.6 and 5.8 times higher, respectively, in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of long-term courses of macrolides in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or the progression to worse outcomes in old patients with underlying chronic respiratory diseases and a high burden of comorbidity.

SUBMITTER: Meseguer Barros CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8468207 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Meseguer Barros Carmen Marina CM Alzueta Isturiz Natalia N Sainz de Rozas Aparicio Rita R Vizcaíno Rafael Aguilella RA López Esteban Laura L Anaya Ordóñez Sonia S Lekue Alkorta Itxasne I Martín Suances Salvadora S Jiménez Arce Jorge Ignacio JI Fernández Vicente Maite M Borrego Izquierdo Yolanda Y Prieto Sánchez Raquel R Casado Casuso Silvia S Madridejos Rosa R Verde Carmen Marquina CM Tomás Sanz Rosa R Oro Fernández María M Gallardo Borge Sara S Lázaro López Eva E Pina Gadea María Belén MB Pereira Pía Mercedes M Maestre-Sánchez María Victoria MV Ribes-Murillo Esther E Gómez de Oña Constanza C María Jesús Lallana Álvarez Á Celaya Lecea Concepción C Prado Prieto María Ana MA Aranguez Ruiz Aranzazu A Olmo Quintana Vicente V Villén Romero Noemí N Payá Giner Carolina C Lloret Callejo Angeles A Fernández Ferreiro Alvaro A Basagoiti Carreño Blanca B Iglesias Iglesias Ana Aurelia AA Martín Alonso Antonio A Díez Alcántara Ana A Marco Tejón Esther E Lestón Vázquez Marta M Ariza Copado Mª Ángeles MÁ Aparicio Cueva Marta M Escudero Vilaplana Belén B Nicieza Marisa M Picazo Sanchiz Gracia G Silva Riádigos Genma María GM Sánchez Lucía Jamart LJ García Álvarez Ángel Á García Bonilla Antonio A Herrero Delicado Rafael R Arroyo Pineda Virginia V de la Hija Belén B Troncoso Mariño Amelia A Tofiño González Isabel I Mateu García Mónica Susana MS García Vázquez Pablo P Pérez Martín Joaquín J Fernández-Urrusuno Rocío R

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 20210825 9

The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with long-term macrolides and to describe the factors associated with worse outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Care setting. Patients with macrolides dispensed continuously from 1 October 2019 to 31 March 2020, were considered. Main outcome: diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Secondary outcomes: symptoms, severity, characteristics of patients, comorbidities, concomit ...[more]

PMID: 34572621

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Project description:BackgroundMany adolescents have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic either directly by being infected with the virus or indirectly by lockdowns and restrictions influencing normal living. We aimed to investigate health, including symptoms of long COVID, in adolescents (aged 15-18 years) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with a control group.MethodsLongCOVIDKidsDK was a national, cross-sectional study carried out in Denmark, which included SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents and matched controls. All Danish adolescents aged 15-18 years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test during the period Jan 1, 2020, to July 12, 2021, and a control group matched (1:4) by age and sex were sent a survey from July 20, 2021. Participants had until Sept 15, 2021, to respond. Symptoms associated with COVID-19, school attendance, and health-related quality of life were investigated using ancillary questions and validated questionnaires (Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL] and Children's Somatic Symptoms Inventory-24 [CSSI-24]). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04786353.Findings24 315 adolescents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (case group) and 97 257 matched controls were invited to participate. 3013 matched controls were excluded because of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. 6630 (27·3%) responded in the case group and 21 640 (22·3%) responded and were eligible to participate in the control group. Across both groups, median age was 17·6 years (IQR 16·4-18·5), 16 277 (57·6%) of 28 270 responders were female, and 11 993 (42·4%) were male. Participants in the case group had greater odds of having at least one long COVID symptom lasting at least 2 months compared with the control group (3159 [61·9%] vs 12 340 [57·0%], odds ratio 1·22 [95% CI 1·15-1·30]; p<0·0001). Participants in the case group reported significantly lower symptom scores (ie, less somatic distress) on the CSSI-24 than in the control group: mean 10·7 (SD 11·4, median 7·0 [IQR 2·0-15·0]) versus 11·9 (10·6, 9·0 [4·0-17·0]; p<0·0001). Participants in the case group had better quality of life scores on the PedsQL than in the control group: physical functioning mean score 88·7 (SD 13·9, median 93·8 [IQR 84·4-100·0]) versus 86·5 (14·3, 90·6 [81·3-96·9]; p<0·0001); emotional functioning 77·1 (20·3, 80·0 [65·0-95·0]) versus 71·7 (21·4, 75·0 [60·0-90·0]; p<0·0001); social functioning 93·1 (12·5, 100·0 [90·0-100·0]) versus 88·4 (16·2, 95·0 [80·0-100·0]; p<0·0001); and school functioning 66·9 (22·5, 65·0 [60·0-85·0]) versus 62·9 (22·1, 65·0 [50·0-80·0]; p<0·0001). More participants in the case group than in the control group reported 16 or more sick days (1205 [18·2%] vs 2518 [11·6%]; p<0·0001) and 16 or more days of school absence (695 [10·5%] vs 1777 [8·2%]; p<0·0001).InterpretationParticipants with SARS-CoV-2-positive tests had more long-lasting symptoms and sick leave, whereas participants in the control group had more short-lasting symptoms and worse quality of life. Knowledge of long COVID in adolescents is important to guide clinical recognition and management of this condition.FundingAP Møller and Chastine McKinney Møller Foundation.

Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to describe the use of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 in France until December 2021, the characteristics of people infected, and places of contamination.MethodsData were collected from the national 2021 Health Barometer cross-sectional study, which was conducted between February and December 2021 and included French-speaking individuals aged 18-85 years old selected through randomly generated landline and mobile phone numbers. Participants were interviewed about COVID-19-like symptoms in the previous 12 months, diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2, positive diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2, and the place(s) of contamination. Determinants of diagnostic testing and of infection were studied using univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions.ResultsA total of 24,514 persons participated in the study. We estimated that 66.4% [65.0-67.7] of persons had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 the last time they experienced COVID-19-like symptoms, and that 9.8% [9.3-10.3] of the population in France - with or without symptoms - had been tested positive. Diagnostic testing was less frequent in men, unemployed persons, and people living alone; it was also less frequent during the first months of the pandemic. The estimated proportion of the population infected was higher in healthcare professionals (PRa: 1.5 [1.3-1.7]), those living in large cities ( > = 200 000 inhabitants, and Paris area) (1.4 [1.2-1.6]), and in households comprising > 3 persons (1.7 [1.5-2.0]). It was lower in retired persons (0.8 [0.6-0.97]) and those over 65 years old (0.6 [0.4-0.9]). Almost two-thirds (65.7%) of infected persons declared they knew where they were contaminated; 5.8% [4.5-7.4] reported being contaminated outdoors, 47.9% [44.8-51.0] in unventilated indoor environments, and 43.4% [40.3-46.6] in ventilated indoor environments. Specifically, 51.1% [48.0-54.2] declared they were contaminated at home or in a family of friend's house, 29.1% [26.4-31.9] at their workplace, 13.9% [11.9-16.1] in a healthcare structure, and 9.0% [7.4-10.8] in a public eating place (e.g., cafeteria, bar, restaurant).ConclusionsTo limit viral spread, preventive actions should preferentially target persons tested least frequently and those at a higher risk of infection. They should also target contamination in households, healthcare structures, and public eating places. Importantly, contamination is most frequent in places where prevention measures are most difficult to implement.

Project description:ObjectivesStudies have reported high incidences of stroke in patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2, but the impact of disease severity is unexplored. We aimed to estimate the risk of incident ischaemic stroke in SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals compared with test-negative individuals stratified by disease severity during acute infection and post infection.DesignA register-based cohort study.SettingA Danish nationwide study.ParticipantsAll Danish adults who had PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 performed between 1 March 2020 and 30 November 2021. Test-positive individuals were included at their first positive test. For individuals tested prior to 30 November 2021, we randomly sampled an index date from the distribution of test dates among SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals. Test-positive individuals were followed during the acute phase of infection (days 0-14) and post infection (180 days after the acute phase). Test-negative individuals were followed in equivalent time periods.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncident ischaemic stroke risk in SARS-CoV-2 test-positive individuals compared with test-negative individuals during acute infection and post infection. We calculated subdistribution HRs (SHR) with death as a competing risk using propensity score weighting as confounder control. The risk was stratified according to disease severity: community managed, hospitalised, or admission to the intensive care unit.ResultsAmong 3 910 219 SARS-CoV-2 PRC-tested individuals, 356 421 test-positive and 3 067 456 test-negative individuals were included. A positive SARS-CoV-2 test was associated with an SHR of 3.32 (95% CI 2.60 to 4.25) overall for stroke compared with test negative in the acute phase. In the postinfection period, the risk of stroke remained increased in individuals hospitalised during the acute phase (SHR 1.85, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.37). Individuals with community-managed SARS-CoV-2 had no increased long-term risk of stroke (SHR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.16).ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased stroke risk. Disease severity seems to be an important factor. Individuals with community-managed SARS-CoV-2 had no increased stroke risk.

Project description:ImportanceDespite the major implications of executive deficits in day-to-day functioning, few studies have investigated this in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection using standardized measures that differentiate between aspects of executive function.ObjectiveExamine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with deficits in executive functions and if so, investigate the duration of this association.Design setting and participantsThe present research has a cross-sectional design and uses data from the Norwegian Covid-19 Cohort study. The current cohort (n = 8102) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function- Adult Version (BRIEF-A) electronically between April 2021 and September 2021. During the assessment, 4183 of the included participants had a prior positive polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 and 3919 were untested or had a confirmed negative PCR test.ExposureLaboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main outcomes and measuresExecutive functions were measured using the BRIEF-A, a self-report questionnaire comprising 75 items within nine theoretically and empirically distinct clinical scales. All participants self-reported on demographical variables and comorbidity. Information on sex and age was derived from the personal identification number, and vaccination status was obtained from the Norwegian Immunization Registry (SYSVAK).ResultsParticipants with a positive SARS-CoV-2 status reported executive deficits in everyday life above the clinical threshold (T-score ≥65) more often than non-infected controls (383 vs. 225). Specifically, the SARS-CoV-2 positive status group indicated significantly more deficits related to metacognition, with the greatest difference demonstrated for working memory. This difference remained when adjusting for various demographic factors and comorbidities, with significantly greater odds of reporting above the clinical threshold following SARS-CoV-2 infection, as observed on the global executive composite score 6-12 months after infection (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.51 to 2.55).ConclusionsOur study confirms more perceived executive deficits following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to non-infected controls, with metacognitive aspects being the most affected. These findings shed light on the potential functional difficulties that individuals may encounter during the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may guide further development of targeted interventions addressing metacognitive domains of executive functioning.

Dataset Information

Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Publications

Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

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