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Description of Spinocephalus tessellatus n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, a nematode with a new morphological pattern at lip region.

ABSTRACT: A new genus and new species of the family Cephalobidae, subfamily Cephalobinae, named Spinocephalus tessellatus n. gen., n. sp. is described from Iran. Body 0.55-0.67 mm long, cuticle with tessellations, lateral field with two tessellated longitudinal wings, lip region with six triangular lips, primary axils deep and V-shaped with two conoid-elongate guard processes that originate from each lip, secondary axils deep and U-shaped with one thorn-like process (labial probolae?) in lateral view with a small rounded protuberance fused to the oral plate having triradiate symmetry more developed at the acute margin toward each primary axil, oral opening hexagonal, amphids large and clearly rounded to slightly oval, stoma cephaloboid with cheilostom with minute and rounded rhabdia, pharynx cephaloboid with corpus subcylindrical and isthmus very long being 1.4-1.7 times corpus length, nerve ring surrounds the isthmus, excretory pore at the level of the isthmus. Female monodelphic-prodelphic, spermatheca as long as the body diam., post-vulval uterine sac 0.8-1.0 times body diameter, tail conoid with small rounded terminus. Male monorchic, spicules 24-26 µm long, gubernaculum 11-14 µm long, tail conical and ventrally curved with small rounded terminus. Morphological, including SEM observations, and molecular (based on 18S and 28S rDNA) analyses revealed its relationship with the genera Acromoldavicus and Nothacrobeles.

SUBMITTER: Abolafia J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8488499 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Description of <i>Spinocephalus tessellatus</i> n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, a nematode with a new morphological pattern at lip region.

Abolafia Joaquín J Hosseinvand Manouchehr M Eskandari Ali A

Journal of nematology 20211001

A new genus and new species of the family Cephalobidae, subfamily Cephalobinae, named <i>Spinocephalus tessellatus</i> n. gen., n. sp. is described from Iran. Body 0.55-0.67 mm long, cuticle with tessellations, lateral field with two tessellated longitudinal wings, lip region with six triangular lips, primary axils deep and V-shaped with two conoid-elongate guard processes that originate from each lip, secondary axils deep and U-shaped with one thorn-like process (labial probolae?) in lateral vi ...[more]

PMID: 34661115

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Project description:BackgroundHeterorhabditis are important biological control agents in agriculture. Two Heterorhabditis populations, S8 and S10, were isolated from agricultural soils in the United States of America. Molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, showed that these populations are conspecific and represent a novel species of the "Bacteriophora" clade. This species was named Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. and is described in this study.MethodsTo describe H. americana n. sp., we carried out phylogenetic reconstructions using multiple genes, characterized their morphology, conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments, and isolated and identified their symbiotic bacteria.ResultsHeterorhabditis americana n. sp. is molecularly and morphologically similar to H. georgiana. Morphological differences between the males of H. americana n. sp. and H. georgiana include variations in the excretory pore position, the gubernaculum size, the gubernaculum-to-spicule length ratio, the tail length, and the body diameter. Infective juveniles (IJs) of H. americana n. sp. differ from H. georgiana IJs because H. americana n. sp. IJs have an invisible bacterial cell pouch posterior to the cardia and a small posterior phasmid, whereas H. georgiana IJs have a visible bacterial cell pouch and an inconspicuous phasmid. Hermaphrodites of H. americana n. sp. and H. georgiana are differentiated by the body length, the nerve ring distance from the anterior end, the excretory pore distance from the anterior end, the anal body diameter, and the c' ratio. Females of H. americana n. sp. can be differentiated from H. georgiana females by the anal body diameter and the c' ratio. Reproductive isolation was confirmed, as H. americana n. sp. does not produce viable offspring with any of the species of the "Bacteriophora" clade. Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. is associated with the symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus kleinii.ConclusionsBased on the observed morphological and morphometric differences, the distinct phylogenetic placement, and the reproductive isolation, the nematode isolates S8 and S10 represent a novel species, which we named Heterorhabditis americana n. sp. This study provides a detailed characterization of this novel species, contributing to enhancing our knowledge of species diversity and evolutionary relationships of the Heterorhabditis genus.

Project description:Deladenus brevis n. sp. is described and illustrated based upon its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is mainly characterized by its small body size (367-454 µm long females and 350, 391 µm long males) and has small lateral vulval flaps. It is further characterized by having six lines in the lateral fields, cephalic region slightly expanded, narrower adjacent to the body, short 6 to 7 µm long stylet with three posteriorly sloped knobs, no post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), conical tail, narrowing to a rounded tip, and rare males with slender tylenchoid spicules and bursa reaching the tail tip. By having six lines in the lateral fields, the new species was compared with five known species of the genus, namely D. apopkaetus, D. cocophilus, D. durus, D. obtusicaudatus, and D. persicus, having comparable number (six or seven) of lines in the lateral fields. It was further compared with D. pakistanensis having lateral vulval flaps. The differences with above-mentioned species are discussed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using nearly full length small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU D2-D3 rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences, D. brevis n. sp. formed clade with species of the genus with different clade support values in Bayesian inference.Deladenus brevis n. sp. is described and illustrated based upon its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is mainly characterized by its small body size (367-454 µm long females and 350, 391 µm long males) and has small lateral vulval flaps. It is further characterized by having six lines in the lateral fields, cephalic region slightly expanded, narrower adjacent to the body, short 6 to 7 µm long stylet with three posteriorly sloped knobs, no post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), conical tail, narrowing to a rounded tip, and rare males with slender tylenchoid spicules and bursa reaching the tail tip. By having six lines in the lateral fields, the new species was compared with five known species of the genus, namely D. apopkaetus, D. cocophilus, D. durus, D. obtusicaudatus, and D. persicus, having comparable number (six or seven) of lines in the lateral fields. It was further compared with D. pakistanensis having lateral vulval flaps. The differences with above-mentioned species are discussed. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using nearly full length small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU D2-D3 rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences, D. brevis n. sp. formed clade with species of the genus with different clade support values in Bayesian inference.

Dataset Information

Description of Spinocephalus tessellatus n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, a nematode with a new morphological pattern at lip region.

Publications

Description of <i>Spinocephalus tessellatus</i> n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from Iran, a nematode with a new morphological pattern at lip region.

Similar Datasets

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