A sticky situation: regulation and function of protein palmitoylation with a spotlight on the axon and axon initial segment

ABSTRACT: Abstract In neurons, the axon and axon initial segment (AIS) are critical structures for action potential initiation and propagation. Their formation and function rely on tight compartmentalisation, a process where specific proteins are trafficked to and retained at distinct subcellular locations. One mechanism which regulates protein trafficking and association with lipid membranes is the modification of protein cysteine residues with the 16-carbon palmitic acid, known as S-acylation or palmitoylation. Palmitoylation, akin to phosphorylation, is reversible, with palmitate cycling being mediated by substrate-specific enzymes. Palmitoylation is well-known to be highly prevalent among neuronal proteins and is well studied in the context of the synapse. Comparatively, how palmitoylation regul

SUBMITTER: Petropavlovskiy A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8495546 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature