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Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Circulating Fluidized Bed Municipal Solid Waste Incineration System from an Environmental and Exergetic Perspective.

ABSTRACT: The production of clean and efficient energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is extremely urgent matter due to an increasing energy demand and environmental concerns. In this study, a high steam parameter (520 °C, 7.9 MPa) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) MSW incineration system, equipped with a mechanical, biological treatment and external heat exchanger systems, was introduced and a comparative study with a typical mechanical grate (450 °C, 5.3 MPa) incineration system and conventional CFB (485 °C, 5.3 MPa) incineration system was carried out from a life-cycle, environmental and exergetic perspective which could assess different energy and material outputs based on real operating data. Moreover, the potential system optimization of this advanced CFB system was proposed. The results showed that the advanced CFB system was more environmentally friendly and resource-efficient than conventional MSW incineration systems. The recovery of material should be given priority over energy recovery. According to the assessment of the environment, and energy and material recovery, a process improvement with an incinerated refuse-derived fuel and a semi-compost produced by MBT as a soil conditioner was highly recommended.

SUBMITTER: Li J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8508379 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Circulating Fluidized Bed Municipal Solid Waste Incineration System from an Environmental and Exergetic Perspective.

Li Jun J Wang Lixian L Chi Yong Y Zhou Zhaozhi Z Tang Yuanjun Y Zhang Hui H

International journal of environmental research and public health 20211003 19

The production of clean and efficient energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is extremely urgent matter due to an increasing energy demand and environmental concerns. In this study, a high steam parameter (520 °C, 7.9 MPa) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) MSW incineration system, equipped with a mechanical, biological treatment and external heat exchanger systems, was introduced and a comparative study with a typical mechanical grate (450 °C, 5.3 MPa) incineration system and conventional CFB (48 ...[more]

PMID: 34639730

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Project description:This paper analyzes the effective use of a mixture of fly ash (MSWI-FA) and solid waste from flue gas treatment (MSWI-SW), which are by-products of the municipal waste incineration process. MSWI-FA (19 01 13*) and MSWI-SW (19 01 07*) are classified as hazardous waste due to their toxic metal content and leaching potential, and currently lack practical applications, unlike slag and bottom ash (19 01 12). This study tested these wastes as partial substitutes for natural sand within a range of 0-20% of cement mass. Statistical analysis of the experimental results allowed the creation of good quality models predicting the effect of substitution additives on compressive strength and flexural strength (correlation 0.91 and 0.93, respectively). The mixture with the highest share of substitution additives (40% = 20% + 20%) was characterized by a decrease in compressive strength by 1.3% and flexural strength by 25.8%. Cement mortars synthesized with the waste mixture (up to 20% of each component) showed slightly lower consistency and water absorption than the control mortars. After the frost resistance tests (25 cycles), the flexural and compressive strength showed ambiguous behavior, showing both increases and decreases, indicating that the percentage of waste components alone is an insufficient set of factors for predicting these strength properties. The concentration of metal ions, i.e., Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cr, in the eluate after the leaching tests did not exceed the legal levels of pollutants introduced into waters, with the exception of barium. However, its content did not exceed the permissible levels required for waste intended for landfill. Using the mixing plant for this waste in the amount of 20% each, we save about EUR 10 in the cost of purchasing sand (which is 13% of the production costs of 1 m3) and EUR 8 in the cost of environmental fees when producing 1 m3 of mortar. The proposed technology is compatible with the objectives of a sustainable economy.

Project description:Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management has been a long-standing problem for many cities in developing countries. Urbanization, population growth, and excessive demand for resources caused significant waste related environmental and socio-economic problems in cities. Integration of policy decisions with actionable targets and management of economic and environmental extremes were common challenges to achieving sustainable waste management strategy. Circular economy is a concept that has been evolved with sustainable resource management perspective adopted in this study to support scientific decision-making process for urban planners and policymakers. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a framework to assess the environmental impacts of waste life cycle ranging from waste generation, transportation, treatment, and end disposal. This study used the LCA framework to evaluate the impact of MSW management of a selected local authority in Colombo, Sri Lanka, to identify the environmental impact of four (04) proposed scenarios in comparison with the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario. Environmental impacts were calculated using global warming potential in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and short-lived climate pollutants. The results revealed that management of MSW within the local authority boundary by integrating recycling, incineration, and sanitary landfill (3:8:1 ratio) offered the highest positive impacts (- 121.84 kg of CO2 eq./ton) while BAU scenario caused the highest negative impacts (250.97 kg of CO2 eq./ton) in comparison with selected scenarios. Moreover, incineration, sanitary landfill, recycling, and anaerobic digestion contributed to emission savings and energy generation. LCA framework was used to identify the composition of MSW for suitable technologies as well as to evaluate the efficiency of existing management mechanisms within a local authority. Evaluation was used to understand the holistic picture of multiple management options to support policymakers in the decision-making process. This framework can be used as a benchmarking tool and bridging concept between the waste management policy and local action plans, which is an important step towards achieving a circular economy for developing countries.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43615-022-00200-x.

Project description:Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is an effective method for reducing the volume/mass of waste. However, MSWI ashes contain high concentrations of many substances, including trace metal (loid)s, that could be released into the environment and contaminate soils and groundwater. In this study, attention was focused on the site near the municipal solid waste incinerator where MSWI ashes are deposited on the surface without any control. Here, combined results (chemical and mineralogical analyses, leaching tests, speciation modelling, groundwater chemistry and human health risk assessment) are presented to assess the impact of MSWI ash on the surrounding environment. The mineralogy of ∼forty years old MSWI ash was diverse, and quartz, calcite, mullite, apatite, hematite, goethite, amorphous glasses and several Cu-bearing minerals (e.g. malachite, brochantite) were commonly detected. In general, the total concentrations of metal (loid)s in MSWI ashes were high, following the order: Zn (6731 mg/kg) > Ba (1969 mg/kg) ≈ Mn (1824 mg/kg) > Cu (1697 mg/kg) > Pb (1453 mg/kg) > Cr (247 mg/kg) > Ni (132 mg/kg) > Sb (59.4 mg/kg) > As (22.9 mg/kg) ≈ Cd (20.6 mg/kg). Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn exceeded the indication or even intervention criteria for industrial soils defined by the Slovak legislation. Batch leaching experiments with diluted citric and oxalic acids that simulate the leaching of chemical elements under rhizosphere conditions documented low dissolved fractions of metals (0.00-2.48%) in MSWI ash samples, showing their high geochemical stability. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below the threshold values of 1.0 and 1 × 10-6, respectively, with soil ingestion being the most important exposure route for workers. The groundwater chemistry was unaffected by deposited MSWI ashes. This study may be useful in determining the environmental risks of trace metal (loid)s in weathered MSWI ashes that are loosely deposited on the soil surface.

Dataset Information

Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Circulating Fluidized Bed Municipal Solid Waste Incineration System from an Environmental and Exergetic Perspective.

Publications

Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Circulating Fluidized Bed Municipal Solid Waste Incineration System from an Environmental and Exergetic Perspective.

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