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Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate.

ABSTRACT: Postnatal growth in birds and mammals is the time of highest vulnerability and relatively high energy demands and therefore shapes the organisms' future outcomes. Several different factors might impose limitations on growth in juveniles, one of them being the efficiency of the digestive process and size of the gastrointestinal tract. We tested the gut size-growth rate relationship using a unique experimental model-mice from a selection experiment designed to produce two lines with divergent levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR): the high BMR (H-BMR) and low BMR (L-BMR) line types. These lines differ with respect to not only BMR, but also correlated traits-internal organ size and food intake. Applying a cross-fostering design and a thermoregulatory burden imposed by shaving the mothers, we demonstrated that the mass of intestine strongly affected the growth rate, with the H-BMR pups having larger intestines and growing faster, and with reduced growth rate of pups of both lines nursed by shaved L-BMR mothers. Our study also provides a functional link between high growth rate of neonates and high BMR of adults, partly reflecting metabolic costs of maintenance of their guts.

SUBMITTER: Sadowska J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8510696 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate.

Sadowska Julita J Gębczyński Andrzej K AK Konarzewski Marek M

Biology letters 20211013 10

Postnatal growth in birds and mammals is the time of highest vulnerability and relatively high energy demands and therefore shapes the organisms' future outcomes. Several different factors might impose limitations on growth in juveniles, one of them being the efficiency of the digestive process and size of the gastrointestinal tract. We tested the gut size-growth rate relationship using a unique experimental model-mice from a selection experiment designed to produce two lines with divergent leve ...[more]

PMID: 34637638

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Project description:The variability in vestibular schwannoma growth rates greatly complicates clinical treatment. Management options are limited to radiological observation, surgery, radiotherapy and, in specific cases, bevacizumab therapy. As such, there is a pressing requirement for growth restricting drugs for vestibular schwannoma. This study explored potential predictors of vestibular schwannoma growth in depth, highlighting differences between static and growing vestibular schwannoma to identify potential therapeutic targets. High-dimensional imaging was used to characterize the tumour micro-environment of four static and five growing vestibular schwannoma (indicated by volumetric change < 20% or ≥ 20% per year, respectively). Single-cell spatial information and protein expression data from a panel of 35 tumour immune-targeted antibodies identified specific cell populations, their expression profiles and their spatial localization within the tumour micro-environment. Growing vestibular schwannoma contained significantly more proliferative and non-proliferative alternatively activated tumour-associated macrophages per millimetre square compared with static vestibular schwannoma. Furthermore, two additional proliferative cell types were identified in growing and static vestibular schwannoma: transitioning monocytes and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1+) Schwann cells. In agreement, growing vestibular schwannoma was characterized by a tumour micro-environment composed of immune-enriched, proliferative neighbourhoods, whereas static vestibular schwannoma were composed of tumour-enriched, non-proliferative neighbourhoods. Finally, classically activated macrophages significantly colocalized with alternatively activated macrophages in static vestibular schwannoma, but this sequestration was reduced in growing vestibular schwannoma. This study provides a novel, spatial characterization of the immune landscape in growing vestibular schwannoma, whilst highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets that modulate the tumour immune micro-environment.

Dataset Information

Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate.

Publications

Larger guts and faster growth in mice selected for high basal metabolic rate.

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