Dataset Information

Techniques and Materials for Optical Fiber Sensors Sealing in Dynamic Environments with High Pressure and High Temperature.

ABSTRACT: We detail a study of the techniques and sealing materials for optical fiber sensors used in dynamic environments with high pressure (>300 bar) and high temperature (>300 °C). The sealing techniques and materials are the key for the robustness of sensors in harsh dynamic environments, such as large combustion engines. The sealing materials and techniques studied in this work are high-temperature epoxies, metallic polymer, metallic solders, glass solder, cement, brazing and electroless nickel plating. Because obtaining high temperature simultaneously with high pressure is very difficult in the same chamber in the laboratory, we developed a new and simple method to test sealed fibers in these conditions in the laboratory. In addition, some sensors using the materials tested in the laboratory were also field tested in real thermoelectric combustion engines. The study also discusses the methods of fabrication and the cost-benefit ratio of each method.

SUBMITTER: Rosolem JB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8512065 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Techniques and Materials for Optical Fiber Sensors Sealing in Dynamic Environments with High Pressure and High Temperature.

Rosolem Joao Batista JB Penze Rivael Strobel RS Floridia Claudio C Peres Rodrigo R Vasconcelos Deleon D Ramos Junior Marcelo Agra MA

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20210930 19

We detail a study of the techniques and sealing materials for optical fiber sensors used in dynamic environments with high pressure (>300 bar) and high temperature (>300 °C). The sealing techniques and materials are the key for the robustness of sensors in harsh dynamic environments, such as large combustion engines. The sealing materials and techniques studied in this work are high-temperature epoxies, metallic polymer, metallic solders, glass solder, cement, brazing and electroless nickel plat ...[more]

PMID: 34640850

Similar Datasets

Project description:The performance of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) is critically dependent on the selection of materials and optimization of individual components. A conventional high-temperature membrane electrode assembly (HT-MEA) primarily consists of a polybenzimidazole (PBI)-type membrane containing phosphoric acid and two gas diffusion electrodes (GDE), the anode and the cathode, attached to the two surfaces of the membrane. This review article provides a survey on the materials implemented in state-of-the-art HT-MEAs. These materials must meet extremely demanding requirements because of the severe operating conditions of HT-PEMFCs. They need to be electrochemically and thermally stable in highly acidic environment. The polymer membranes should exhibit high proton conductivity in low-hydration and even anhydrous states. Of special concern for phosphoric-acid-doped PBI-type membranes is the acid loss and management during operation. The slow oxygen reduction reaction in HT-PEMFCs remains a challenge. Phosphoric acid tends to adsorb onto the surface of the platinum catalyst and therefore hampers the reaction kinetics. Additionally, the binder material plays a key role in regulating the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the catalyst layer. Subsequently, the binder controls the electrode-membrane interface that establishes the triple phase boundary between proton conductive electrolyte, electron conductive catalyst, and reactant gases. Moreover, the elevated operating temperatures promote carbon corrosion and therefore degrade the integrity of the catalyst support. These are only some examples how materials properties affect the stability and performance of HT-PEMFCs. For this reason, materials characterization techniques for HT-PEMFCs, either in situ or ex situ, are highly beneficial. Significant progress has recently been made in this field, which enables us to gain a better understanding of underlying processes occurring during fuel cell operation. Various novel tools for characterizing and diagnosing HT-PEMFCs and key components are presented in this review, including FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, synchrotron X-ray imaging, X-ray microtomography, and atomic force microscopy.

Project description:Optical fiber (OF) sensors are critical optical devices with excellent sensing capabilities and the capacity to operate in remote and hostile environments. However, integrating functional materials and micro/nanostructures into the optical fiber systems for specific sensing applications has limitations of compatibility, readiness, poor control, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we have demonstrated the fabrication and integration of stimuli-responsive optical fiber probe sensors using a novel, low-cost, and facile 3D printing process. Thermal stimulus-response of thermochromic pigment micro-powders was integrated with optical fibers by incorporating them into ultraviolet-sensitive transparent polymer resins and then printed via a single droplet 3D printing process. Hence, the thermally active polymer composite fibers were grown (additively manufactured) on top of the commercial optical fiber tips. Then, the thermal response was studied within the temperature range of (25-35 °C) and (25-31 °C) for unicolor and dual color pigment powders-based fiber-tip sensors, respectively. The unicolor (with color to colorless transition) and dual color (with color to color transition) powders-based sensors exhibited substantial variations in transmission and reflection spectra by reversibly increasing and decreasing temperatures. The sensitivities were calculated from the transmission spectra where average change in transmission spectra was recorded as 3.5% with every 1 °C for blue, 3% for red and 1% for orange-yellow thermochromic powders based optical fiber tip sensors. Our fabricated sensors are cost-effective, reusable, and flexible in terms of materials and process parameters. Thus, the fabrication process can potentially develop transparent and tunable thermochromic sensors for remote sensing with a much simpler manufacturing process compared to conventional and other 3D printing processes for optical fiber sensors. Moreover, this process can integrate micro/nanostructures as patterns on the optical fiber tips to increase sensitivity. The developed sensors may be employed as remote temperature sensors in biomedical and healthcare applications.

Dataset Information

Techniques and Materials for Optical Fiber Sensors Sealing in Dynamic Environments with High Pressure and High Temperature.

Publications

Techniques and Materials for Optical Fiber Sensors Sealing in Dynamic Environments with High Pressure and High Temperature.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets