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Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach.

ABSTRACT: A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.

SUBMITTER: Koch W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8512582 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach.

Koch Wojciech W Kukula-Koch Wirginia W Czop Marcin M Baj Tomasz T Kocki Janusz J Bawiec Piotr P Casasnovas Roser Olives RO Głowniak-Lipa Anna A Głowniak Kazimierz K

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20211004 19

A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,64 ...[more]

PMID: 34641561

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Project description:Black tea, a widely popular non-alcoholic beverage, is renowned for its unique aroma and has attracted significant attention due to its complex composition. However, the chemical profile of Iranian tea remains largely unexplored. In this research, black tea samples from key tea cultivation regions in four geographical areas in northern Iran were firstly analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to separate, identify, and quantify their volatile organic compounds. Subsequently, employing a robust investigative strategy, we utilized for the first time the well-known multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) method as a deconvolution technique to analyze the complex GC-MS peak clusters of tea samples. This approach effectively addressed challenges such as severe baseline drifts, overlapping peaks, and background noise, enabling the identification of minor components responsible for the distinct flavors and tastes across various samples. The MCR-ALS technique significantly improved the resolution of spectral and elution profiles, enabling both qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of tea constituents. Qualitative analysis involved comparing resolved peak profiles to theoretical spectra, along with retention indices, while semi-quantification was conducted using the overall volume integration (OVI) approach for volatile compounds, providing a more accurate correlation between peak areas and concentrations. The application of chemometric tools in GC-MS analysis increased the number of recognized components in four tea samples, expanding from 54 to 256 components, all with concentrations exceeding 0.1 %. Among them, 32 volatile compounds were present in every tea sample. Hydrocarbons (including alkenes, alkanes, cycloalkanes, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), esters and alcohols were the three major chemical classes, comprising 78 % of the total relative content of volatile compounds. Analyzing black teas from four distinct regions revealed variations not only in their volatile components but also in their relative proportions. This integrated approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the volatile chemical profiles in Iranian black teas, enhances knowledge about their unique characteristics across diverse geographical origin, and lays the groundwork for quality improvement.

Dataset Information

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach.

Publications

Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach.

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