Emerging role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in T cell suppression and dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapeutic drugs including immune checkpoint blockade antibodies have been approved to treat patients in many types of cancers. However, some patients have little or no reaction to the immunotherapy drugs. The mechanisms underlying resistance to tumor immunotherapy are complicated and involve multiple aspects, including tumor-intrinsic factors, formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment, and alteration of tumor and stromal cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. T cell is critical and participates in every aspect of antitumor response, and T cell dysfunction is a severe barrier for effective immunotherapy for cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor is one of the major factors that can induce T cell dysfunction. Tumor-derive

SUBMITTER: Ma F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8513270 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature