Dataset Information

Incident Dementia, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels, and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in People Aged 65 and Older With Diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This study was aimed to determine whether incident dementia and HbA1c levels are associated with increased rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) in persons with diabetes.

Method

A total of 565 adults aged 65+ ever treated for diabetes were enrolled from Adult Changes in Thought study. PPHs were from principal discharge diagnoses and included diabetes PPH (dPPH), respiratory PPH (rPPH), urinovolemic PPH (uPPH), cardiovascular PPH, and other PPH. Poisson generalized estimating equations estimated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between dementia or HbA1c measures and rate of PPHs.

Results

A total of 562 individuals contributed 3 602 dementia-free years, and 132 individuals contributed 511 dementia follow-up years. One hundred twenty-eight (23%) dementia-free individuals had 210 PPH admissions and a crude rate of 58 per 1 000 person-years, while 55 (42%) individuals with dementia had 93 PPH admissions and a crude rate of 182 per 1 000 person-years. The adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing rates between dementia and dementia-free groups were 2.27 (1.60, 3.21) for overall PPH; 5.90 (2.70, 12.88) for dPPH; 5.17 (2.49, 10.73) for uPPH; and 2.01 (1.06, 3.83) for rPPH. Compared with HbA1c of 7%-8% and adjusted for dementia, the RR (95% CI) for overall PPH was 1.43 (1.00, 2.06) for >8% HbA1c and 1.18 (0.85, 1.65) for <7% HbA1c. The uPPH RR was also increased, comparing >8% and <7% HbA1c levels.

Conclusion

Incident dementia is associated with higher rates of PPHs among people with diabetes, especially PPHs due to diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI), and dehydration. Potential evidence suggested that HbA1c levels of >8% versus lower levels are associated with higher rates of overall PPHs and UTI- and dehydration-related PPHs.

SUBMITTER: Zaslavsky O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8514059 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Incident Dementia, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels, and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in People Aged 65 and Older With Diabetes.

Zaslavsky Oleg O Yu Onchee O Walker Rod L RL Crane Paul K PK Gray Shelly L SL Sadak Tatiana T Borson Soo S Larson Eric B EB

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 20211001 11

<h4>Background</h4>This study was aimed to determine whether incident dementia and HbA1c levels are associated with increased rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) in persons with diabetes.<h4>Method</h4>A total of 565 adults aged 65+ ever treated for diabetes were enrolled from Adult Changes in Thought study. PPHs were from principal discharge diagnoses and included diabetes PPH (dPPH), respiratory PPH (rPPH), urinovolemic PPH (uPPH), cardiovascular PPH, and other PPH. Poisso ...[more]

PMID: 33914085

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Project description:Background/objectivesDementia is associated with higher healthcare expenditures, in large part due to increased hospitalization rates relative to patients without dementia. Data on contemporary trends in the incidence and outcomes of potentially preventable hospitalizations of patients with dementia are lacking.DesignRetrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2016.SettingU.S. acute care hospitals.ParticipantsA total of 1,843,632 unique hospitalizations of older adults (aged ≥65 years) with diagnosed dementia.MeasurementsAnnual trends in the incidence of hospitalizations for all causes and for potentially preventable conditions including acute ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), chronic ACSCs, and injuries. In-hospital outcomes including mortality, discharge disposition, and hospital costs.ResultsThe survey weighted sample represented an estimated 9.27 million hospitalizations for patients with diagnosed dementia (mean [standard deviation] age = 82.6 [6.7] years; 61.4% female). In total, 3.72 million hospitalizations were for potentially preventable conditions (40.1%), 2.07 million for acute ACSCs, .76 million for chronic ACSCs, and .89 million for injuries. Between 2012 and 2016, the incidence of all-cause hospitalizations declined from 1.87 million to 1.85 million per year (P = .04) while the incidence of potentially preventable hospitalizations increased from .75 million to .87 million per year (P < .001), driven by an increased number of hospitalizations of community-dwelling older adults. Among patients with dementia hospitalized for potentially preventable conditions, inpatient mortality declined from 6.4% to 6.1% (P < .001), inflation-adjusted median costs increased from $7,319 to $7,543 (P < .001), and total annual costs increased from $7.4 to $9.3 billion. Although 86.0% of hospitalized patients were admitted from the community, only 32.7% were discharged to the community.ConclusionThe number of potentially preventable hospitalizations of older adults with dementia is increasing, driven by hospitalizations of community-dwelling older adults. Improved strategies for early detection and goal-directed treatment of potentially preventable conditions in patients with dementia are urgently needed. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2240-2248, 2020.

Project description:ImportanceResearch demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased risk of all-cause hospitalization. However, no prior studies have assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 and potentially preventable hospitalizations-that is, hospitalizations for conditions that can usually be effectively managed in ambulatory care settings.ObjectiveTo examine whether SARS-CoV-2 is associated with potentially preventable hospitalization in a nationwide cohort of US veterans.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used an emulated target randomized trial design with monthly sequential trials to compare risk of a potentially preventable hospitalization among veterans with SARS-CoV-2 and matched comparators without SARS-CoV-2. A total of 189 136 US veterans enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021, and 943 084 matched comparators were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from May 10, 2023, to January 26, 2024.ExposureSARS-CoV-2 infection.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was a first potentially preventable hospitalization in VHA facilities, VHA-purchased community care, or Medicare fee-for-service care. Extended Cox models were used to examine adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) of potentially preventable hospitalization among veterans with SARS-CoV-2 and comparators during follow-up periods of 0 to 30, 0 to 90, 0 to 180, and 0 to 365 days. The start of follow-up was defined as the date of each veteran's first positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, with the same index date applied to their matched comparators.ResultsThe 1 132 220 participants were predominantly men (89.06%), with a mean (SD) age of 60.3 (16.4) years. Most veterans were of Black (23.44%) or White (69.37%) race. Veterans with SARS-CoV-2 and comparators were well-balanced (standardized mean differences, all <0.100) on observable baseline clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 3.10% of veterans (3.81% of those with SARS-CoV-2 and 2.96% of comparators) had a potentially preventable hospitalization during 1-year follow-up. Risk of a potentially preventable hospitalization was greater among veterans with SARS-CoV-2 than comparators in 4 follow-up periods: 0- to 30-day AHR of 3.26 (95% CI, 3.06-3.46); 0- to 90-day AHR of 2.12 (95% CI, 2.03-2.21); 0- to 180-day AHR of 1.69 (95% CI, 1.63-1.75); and 0- to 365-day AHR of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.40-1.48).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, an increased risk of preventable hospitalization in veterans with SARS-CoV-2, which persisted for at least 1 year after initial infection, highlights the need for research on ways in which SARS-CoV-2 shapes postinfection care needs and engagement with the health system. Solutions are needed to mitigate preventable hospitalization after SARS-CoV-2.

Project description:ContextDementia is associated with increased rates and often poorer outcomes of hospitalization, including worsening cognitive status. New evidence is needed to determine whether some admissions of persons with dementia might be potentially preventable.ObjectiveTo determine whether dementia onset is associated with higher rates of or different reasons for hospitalization, particularly for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs), for which proactive outpatient care might prevent the need for a hospital stay.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective analysis of hospitalizations among 3019 participants in Adult Changes in Thought (ACT), a longitudinal cohort study of adults aged 65 years or older enrolled in an integrated health care system. All participants had no dementia at baseline and those who had a dementia diagnosis during biennial screening contributed nondementia hospitalizations until diagnosis. Automated data were used to identify all hospitalizations of all participants from time of enrollment in ACT until death, disenrollment from the health plan, or end of follow-up, whichever came first. The study period spanned February 1, 1994, to December 31, 2007.Main outcome measuresHospital admission rates for patients with and without dementia, for all causes, by type of admission, and for ACSCs.ResultsFour hundred ninety-four individuals eventually developed dementia and 427 (86%) of these persons were admitted at least once; 2525 remained free of dementia and 1478 (59%) of those were admitted at least once. The unadjusted all-cause admission rate in the dementia group was 419 admissions per 1000 person-years vs 200 admissions per 1000 person-years in the dementia-free group. After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounders, the ratio of admission rates for all-cause admissions was 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.61; P < .001), while for ACSCs, the adjusted ratio of admission rates was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.38-2.31; P < .001). Adjusted admission rates classified by body system were significantly higher in the dementia group for most categories. Adjusted admission rates for all types of ACSCs, including bacterial pneumonia, congestive heart failure, dehydration, duodenal ulcer, and urinary tract infection, were significantly higher among those with dementia.ConclusionAmong our cohort aged 65 years or older, incident dementia was significantly associated with increased risk of hospitalization, including hospitalization for ACSCs.

Dataset Information

Incident Dementia, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels, and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in People Aged 65 and Older With Diabetes.

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Incident Dementia, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels, and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations in People Aged 65 and Older With Diabetes.

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