Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Indian Perspective.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: De A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8518336 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Indian Perspective.
Clinical liver disease 20210913 3
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Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting a quarter of the global adult population. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the more active form of NAFLD with active hepatic necroinflammation and faster fibrosis progression, has become one of the leading indications for liver transplantation and an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in Western countries. Epidemiological studies suggest that NAFLD is almost equally prevalent in Asia as in the West, but severe liver complications appear to be less common. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of NAFLD in Asia. We highlight the issue of NAFLD in the nonobese population and discuss whether it is a unique phenomenon in Asia. Because of the rapidly changing epidemiology and natural history, future studies should continue to monitor the magnitude of NAFLD in Asia and define the best policy to control this new epidemic.
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Project description:The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is continuing to rise worldwide, and it is estimated that this disquieting trend will continue for another 10-15 years before prevalence begins to decrease. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. As obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle-related diseases continue to rise, the spectrum of NAFLD, e.g., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver-related morbidity, and mortality, will increase in parallel. Its widespread prevalence and associated economic burden have drawn significant attention, and a multitude of pharmaceutical companies are participating in active research trying to find a "cure". Unfortunately, as of now, no targeted treatment exists to treat this condition, and therefore, emphasis has been on its prevention. The current review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of NAFLD in Western countries. It is important to understand the magnitude of NAFLD and its risk factors in Western countries where the prevalence of NAFLD has now reached epidemic proportions to identify the best strategy to prevent and possibly control this epidemic.
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10446130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveA novel genetic and molecular basis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was explored.Study designA 38-year-old male, who has no bad living and dietary habits, was diagnosed as NAFLD. The potential pathogenic role of Pin1 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing.ResultsELISA determined a six-time higher concentration of plasma Pin1 compared to our previous data. Nine PIN1 SNPs were sequenced and classified according to their NAFLD-pathogenic risks, suggesting that rs2233678 and rs2287839 may be the most important genotypes that result in Pin1 overexpression and NAFLD development.ConclusionIn summary, this work explores a novel basis for early-onset NAFLD and highlights that elevated plasma Pin1 may predict NAFLD risk at early stage. Hypothetically, inhibiting Pin1 may benefit NAFLD prevention in the future.
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Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is an emerging global epidemic which progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis in a subset of subjects. Various reviews have focused on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. This review highlights specifically the triggers implicated in disease progression from NAFL to NASH. The integrating role of genes, dietary factors, innate immunity, cytokines and gut microbiome have been discussed.
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Project description:Spontaneous insulin resistance and NAFLD emerged in AxB F1 male mice with parent-of-origin effects such that AB6F1 (AJ dam x B6 sire) were susceptible whereas B6AF1 (B6 dam x AJ sire) were resistant. We used microarrays to correlate gene expression with the NAFLD phenotype in 9-month-old male AB6F1 (affected) versus B6AF1 (unaffected) mice. Whole liver slices from two 9-month-old AB6F1 and B6AF1 males were collected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
2011-01-05 | E-GEOD-26225 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world. The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has led to a 170% increase in NASH cirrhosis as the listing indication for liver transplantation from 2004 to 2013. As of 2018, NASH has overtaken hepatitis C as an indication for liver transplantation in the USA. After liver transplantation, the allograft often develops recurrent NAFLD among patients with known NASH cirrhosis. In addition to recurrent disease, de novo NAFLD has been reported in patients with other indications for liver transplantation. In this review, we will discuss the risk factors associated with recurrent and de novo NAFLD, natural course of the disease, and management strategies after liver transplantation.
| S-EPMC8237139 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent times, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been considered one of the major causes of liver disease across the world. NAFLD is defined as the deposition of triglycerides in the liver and is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance (IR), fatty liver, hepatocyte injury, unbalanced proinflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, liver inflammation, and fibrosis are the main pathogenesis in NAFLD. Recent studies suggest that the action of intestinal microbiota through chronic inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, and energy uptake plays a vital role in NAFLD. Moreover, polycystic ovarian syndrome also causes NAFLD development through IR. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, sleep, diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic and epigenetic pathways are some contributing factors of NAFLD that can exacerbate the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and eventually lead to death. NAFLD has various presentations, including fatigue, unexplained weight loss, bloating, upper abdominal pain, decreased appetite, headache, anxiety, poor sleep, increased thirst, palpitation, and a feeling of warmth. Some studies have shown that NAFLD with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has poor outcomes. The gold standard for NAFLD diagnosis is liver biopsy. Other diagnostic tools are imaging tests, serum biomarkers, microbiota markers, and tests for extrahepatic complications. There are no specific treatments for NAFLD. Therefore, the main concern for NAFLD is treating the comorbid conditions such as anti-diabetic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus, statins to reduce HCC progression, antioxidants to prevent hepatocellular damage, and bariatric surgery for patients with a BMI of >40 kg/m2 and >35 kg/m2 with comorbidities. Lifestyle and dietary changes are considered preventive strategies against NAFLD advancement. Inadequate treatment of NAFLD further leads to cardiac consequences, sleep apnea, chronic kidney disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this systematic review, we have briefly discussed the risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, and numerous consequences of NAFLD. We have also reviewed various guidelines for NAFLD diagnosis along with existing therapeutic strategies for the management and prevention of the disease.
| S-EPMC9612896 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-31803 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a spectrum of pathology that ranges from benign steatosis to potentially-progressive steatohepatitis and affects more than 30% of US adults. Advanced NAFLD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancers. Accurate identification of patients at risk for advanced NAFLD is challenging. The aims of this study were to define the liver gene expression patterns that distinguish mild from advanced NAFLD and to develop a gene expression profile associated with advanced NAFLD. We analyzed total RNA from 72 patients with NAFLD (40 with mild NAFLD, fibrosis stage 0-1 and 32 with advanced NAFLD, fibrosis stage 3-4) and developed a gene profile associated with advanced NAFLD. This dataset is part of the TransQST collection.
2013-08-30 | E-GEOD-49541 | biostudies-arrayexpress