Alcohol outlets, drug paraphernalia sales, and neighborhood drug overdose.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Alcohol outlets have been associated with various forms of injury and may contribute to neighborhood disparities in drug overdose. Few studies have examined the associations between alcohol outlets and drug overdose. This study investigated whether alcohol outlets were associated with the neighborhood drug overdose rate and whether the sale of drug paraphernalia contributes to this association.

Methods

A cross-sectional ecological spatial analysis was conducted within census block groups in Baltimore City (n = 653). Outcomes were counts of EMS calls for any drug overdose in 2015 (n = 3,856). Exposures of interest were counts of alcohol outlets licensed for off-premise and on-premise consumption and the proportion of off-premise outlets selling drug paraphernalia (

SUBMITTER: Nesoff ED 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8530831 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature