Dataset Information

Reappraisal-but not Suppression-Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure.

ABSTRACT: Higher reactivity to stress exposure is associated with an increased tendency to appraise ambiguous stimuli as negative. However, it remains unknown whether tendencies to use emotion regulation strategies-such as cognitive reappraisal, which involves altering the meaning or relevance of affective stimuli-can shape individual differences regarding how stress affects perceptions of ambiguity. Here, we examined whether increased reappraisal use is one factor that can determine whether stress exposure induces increased negativity bias. In Study 1, healthy participants (n = 43) rated the valence of emotionally ambiguous (surprised) faces before and after an acute stress or control manipulation and reported reappraisal habits. Increased negativity ratings were milder for stressed individuals that reported more habitual reappraisal use. In Study 2 (n = 97), we extended this investigation to real-world perceived stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that reappraisal tendency moderates the relationship between perceived stress and increased negativity bias. Collectively, these findings suggest that the propensity to reappraise determines negativity bias when evaluating ambiguity under stress.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00059-5.

SUBMITTER: Raio CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8531907 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reappraisal-but not Suppression-Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure.

Raio Candace M CM Harp Nicholas R NR Brown Catherine C CC Neta Maital M

Affective science 20211022 4

Higher reactivity to stress exposure is associated with an increased tendency to appraise ambiguous stimuli as negative. However, it remains unknown whether tendencies to use emotion regulation strategies-such as cognitive reappraisal, which involves altering the meaning or relevance of affective stimuli-can shape individual differences regarding how stress affects perceptions of ambiguity. Here, we examined whether increased reappraisal use is one factor that can determine whether stress exposu ...[more]

PMID: 34704072

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Project description:IntroductionResearch shows that cognitive performance and emotional well-being can be significantly strengthened. A high-performance brain training protocol, Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART), was developed by cognitive neuroscientists at The University of Texas at Dallas Center for BrainHealth based on 25-plus years of scientific study. Randomized controlled trials with various populations have shown that training and use of nine "SMART" strategies for processing information can improve cognitive performance and psychological health. However, the multi-week intensive training used in the laboratory is not practical for widespread use outside the laboratory. This article examines the efficacy of SMART when translated outside the laboratory to two populations (military/veterans and law enforcement) that received SMART in condensed time frames.Materials and methodsIn two translation studies with healthy military personnel and veterans, 425 participants received between 6 and 10 hours of SMART over 2 days. In a third translation study, 74 healthy police officers received 9 hours of SMART over 3 days. Training was conducted by clinicians who taught the nine "SMART" strategies related to three core areas-strategic attention, integrated reasoning, and innovation-to groups of up to 25 participants. In all three translation studies, cognitive performance and psychological health data were collected before and immediately following the training. In one of the military/veteran studies, psychological health data were also collected 1 and 4 months following the training.ResultsIn both translations to military personnel and veterans, there were improvements in the complex cognitive domains of integrated reasoning (P < .0001) and innovation (P < .0001) immediately after undergoing SMART. In the translation to police officers, there were improvements in the cognitive domains of innovation (P = .02) and strategic attention (P = .005). Participants in all three translations saw statistically significant improvements in self-reported symptoms of psychological health. The improvements continued among a subset of participants who responded to the later requests for information.ConclusionsThe results of translating to these two populations provide evidence supporting the efficacy of SMART delivered in an abbreviated time frame. The improvements in two major domains of cognitive function demonstrate that strategies can be taught and immediately applied by those receiving the training. The immediate psychological health improvements may be transient; however, the continued improvements in psychological health observed in a subset of the participants suggest that benefits may be sustainable even at later intervals.

Dataset Information

Reappraisal-but not Suppression-Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure.

Supplementary information

Publications

Reappraisal-but not Suppression-Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure.

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