Dataset Information

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam.

ABSTRACT: Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nucleic acids were detected in stool and cord blood samples. HEV genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Mother-to-child transmission and associated adverse outcomes were not observed. Only 2% of patients (n = 4/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 8% (n = 14/183) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Cord blood (n = 150) analysis showed that there was no IgM detected, while 4% (n = 6/150) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG, which was consistent with mothers testing positive for anti-HEV IgG. Nucleic acid tests for HEV RNA yielded 2% (n = 4/183) from the serum and stool of pregnant women, and none from cord blood. The HEV isolates belonged to the genotype HEV-3a, with 99% homology with humans and 96% with pigs. No association was found between the risk of HEV infection and pregnancy outcomes or HEV transmission from mother to child. HEV-3 infections of zoonotic origin in pregnancy might have eventually resolved without complications.

SUBMITTER: Huy PX

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8539026 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam.

Huy Pham Xuan PX Chung Dang Thanh DT Linh Dang Thuy DT Hang Ngo Thu NT Rachakonda Sivaramakrishna S Pallerla Srinivas Reddy SR Linh Le Thi Kieu LTK Tong Hoang Van HV Dung Le Minh LM Mao Can Van CV Wedemeyer Heiner H Bock C-Thomas CT Kremsner Peter G PG Song Le Huu LH Sy Bui Tien BT Toan Nguyen Linh NL Velavan Thirumalaisamy P TP

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 20211017 10

Infections with HEV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are associated with increased rates of preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The aim of the present study was to investigate HEV infections in pregnant women and the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, and associated outcomes. A total of 183 pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited and followed until delivery. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and HEV nuc ...[more]

PMID: 34684289

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Project description:BackgroundMany women suffer from anemia during their pregnancy. Austria, a central European country, has an instituted mandatory prenatal care system and therein two anemia screening tests (before end of week 16 and in weeks 25-28) are scheduled. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Austria are missing.MethodsWe analysed data from Styria, an Austrian federal state, to determine the prevalence of anemia diagnosed in pregnant women aged 15-45 years with at least one examination in the first and second time period using the cut-off hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 11 g/dl as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Sensitivity analyses for cut-off values with 10.5 and 7 g/dl (severe anemia) were performed. The STROBE checklist was applied for this retrospective cohort study.ResultsThe study included anemia screening tests from 25,922 women during 31,429 pregnancies from 2006-2014. Anemia was diagnosed in either time period in 13.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4-14.1) of pregnancies, in the first time period in 2.2% (95% CI 2.0-2.2), and in the second time period in 13.0% (95% CI 12.6-13.4). The annual age-adjusted anemia prevalence showed no change over time. Reducing the cut-off value to 10.5 g/dl resulted in an anemia prevalence in either time period of 5.6% (95% CI 5.3-5.8). The pattern of a higher prevalence in the second time period remained unchanged. Severe anemia (Hb <7 g/dl) was diagnosed in four pregnancies (0.01%).ConclusionThe estimated anemia prevalence of around 14% in pregnant women in Styria (Austria) is stable over the observed time window (2006-2014) and almost all are diagnosed in the second test period (in weeks 25-28). It seems that in a developed country like Austria the first examination (before week 16) is not mandatory for pregnancy care. However, in other countries where a high prevalence of anemia is common due to risk factors such as malaria and HIV, early screening in pregnancy might be very important.

Project description:Objective: The aim of this study was to assess HIV screening for prevention of mother-to-child transmission service utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in a community setting and was cross-sectional with a multistage sampling technique. A total of 613 women were selected randomly from 29 kebeles (the smallest administrative unit next to the district). Data were collected using a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire. After being coded, reviewed, and entered into Epi-data, the data were exported to SPSS Version 21. Frequencies, percentages, graphs, and means and standard deviations were used to show descriptive data. In bivariate analysis, a p-value of 0.25 was utilized to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression analysis. The statistical significance level was established at 0.05, and the strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio. Results: A total of 613 pregnant women out of 630 who were eligible, were included in our study. Among them, 276 (45%; 95% CI: 41.1–48.8) were tested for HIV. HIV screening was associated with secondary and higher maternal educational level (AOR = 5.01, 95% CI: (3.08–8.16)), number of antenatal care visits four and higher (AOR = 4.25, 95% CI: 2.41–7.51), distance from health facility (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.24–3.101), and male partner involvement (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.31–2.69). Conclusion: Less than half of the pregnant women included in our study had been tested for HIV; which was quite lower than the national requirement that every pregnant woman be tested during a visit. Only those who had a higher level of education, who regularly took antenatal care, who were not far away from the health facility, and whose partner was involved in antenatal care, were more susceptible to being tested. Thus, actions such as female education and increasing accessibility of the service should be prioritized.

Dataset Information

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam.

Publications

Low Prevalence of HEV Infection and No Associated Risk of HEV Transmission from Mother to Child among Pregnant Women in Vietnam.

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