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Emergence and radiation of distemper viruses in terrestrial and marine mammals.


ABSTRACT: Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) are major pathogens to terrestrial and marine mammals. Yet little is known about the timing and geographical origin of distemper viruses and to what extent it was influenced by environmental change and human activities. To address this, we (i) performed the first comprehensive time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis of the two distemper viruses, (ii) mapped distemper antibody and virus detection data from marine mammals collected between 1972 and 2018, and (iii) compiled historical reports on distemper dating back to the eighteenth century. We find that CDV and PDV diverged in the early seventeenth century. Modern CDV strains last shared a common ancestor in the nineteenth century with a marked radiation during the 1930s-1950s. Modern PDV strains are of more recent origin, diverging in the 1970s-1980s. Based on the compiled information on distemper distribution, the diverse host range of CDV and basal phylogenetic placement of terrestrial morbilliviruses, we hypothesize a terrestrial CDV-like ancestor giving rise to PDV in the North Atlantic. Moreover, given the estimated timing of distemper origin and radiation, we hypothesize a prominent role of environmental change such as the Little Ice Age, and human activities like globalization and war in distemper virus evolution.

SUBMITTER: Stokholm I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8548803 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Emergence and radiation of distemper viruses in terrestrial and marine mammals.

Stokholm Iben I   Puryear Wendy W   Sawatzki Kaitlin K   Knudsen Steen Wilhelm SW   Terkelsen Thilde T   Becher Paul P   Siebert Ursula U   Olsen Morten Tange MT  

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20211027 1961


Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) are major pathogens to terrestrial and marine mammals. Yet little is known about the timing and geographical origin of distemper viruses and to what extent it was influenced by environmental change and human activities. To address this, we (i) performed the first comprehensive time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis of the two distemper viruses, (ii) mapped distemper antibody and virus detection data from marine mammals collected betwe  ...[more]

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