Arthroscopic Approach to Preservation of the Hip with Avascular Necrosis.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rayes J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8556533 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Arthroscopic Approach to Preservation of the Hip with Avascular Necrosis.
Arthroscopy techniques 20210908 10
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip is a devastating disease that affects middle-aged adults with poor outcomes if not treated in its early stages. In recent years, subchondroplasty with calcium phosphate solution has shown promising results. Concomitant intra-articular pathologies, including femoroacetabular impingement and chondral lesions, have been described in hips affected by AVN. These should be addressed at the time of surgery to lower the risk of failure. In this Technical Note, we desc ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Avascular necrosis of the femoral head arises due to inadequate blood supply to the femoral head, leading to cell death, fracture, and eventually collapse. The disease often begins as asymptomatic but can present with pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in later phases. These symptoms cause disability, predominantly in young to middle-aged individuals. Both conservative and operative treatment modalities have been used depending on the progression of the disease. Timely surgical intervention is essential to enhance outcomes and avert stress fractures, subchondral collapse, and secondary hip arthritis. This technical note presents an arthroscopic approach to core decompression for the minimally invasive management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
| S-EPMC11873554 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeSeptic arthritis of the hip in children and adolescents is a common condition requiring timely diagnosis and intervention. Surgical irrigation and debridement is typically performed through the anterior approach because of concerns about injury to the medial femoral circumflex artery leading to avascular necrosis. While there are multiple studies investigating the sequelae of anterior and medial approaches for reduction of developmental dislocation of the hip, none have compared these approaches for the pediatric septic hip. We hypothesize that there will be no significant difference in the rate of avascular necrosis when comparing the medial and anterior approaches to the septic hip in pediatric patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of pediatric septic hips treated with irrigation and debridement through either a medial or anterior approach at a single institution over an 18-year period of time. The primary outcome measure was the development of avascular necrosis.ResultsThirteen of 164 patients (7.9%) developed avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis was noted in 9 of 101 patients who had anterior approach and 4 of 63 patients who underwent medial approach (p = 0.76). The average age for patients developing avascular necrosis was 10.0 years old versus 6.8 years old in patients who did not develop avascular necrosis (p = 0.01). The average follow-up was 3.3 years in patients with avascular necrosis versus 1.5 years for patients who did not develop avascular necrosis (p = 0.01).ConclusionMedial approach to the pediatric septic hip does not increase the rate of avascular necrosis compared to the anterior approach.Level of evidenceRetrospective comparison study, Level III.
| S-EPMC11295374 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8702953 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction and importanceSince it first surfaced, the new Coronavirus has multiplied and mutated into different forms, leading to a significant impact on people's lives. COVID-19's long-term impact is not completely known; It can only be hypothesized based on the prior outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Avascular necrosis (AVN) is one of these consequences, which if left untreated can lead to catastrophic events and bone collapse. It's important to remember that individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 infection are still at risk of developing AVN. The pathological findings in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are very similar to those seen in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection.Case presentationWe present cases of 27 and 69-year-old men with no comorbidities admitted with complaints of bilateral hip pain post covid treatment with corticosteroids and antivirals. The diagnosis was established based on history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Clinical discussionThe use of corticosteroids in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection has saved many lives, and it is still advised for moderate to severe cases on a short-term basis. The long-term use of corticosteroids is associated with numerous side effects. One of the most prevalent side effects of steroids is avascular necrosis of the femoral head, which is aggravated by the disease process.ConclusionEarly detection of Avascular necrosis is very crucial in its management due to its high progression rate. Low therapeutic doses of corticosteroids with minimal effective duration remain the key to halting its occurrence.
| S-EPMC9500083 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) is a debilitating disease that requires early intervention to prevent subchondral collapse and irreversible damage leading to premature hip replacement. Patients presenting with AVNFH can have concomitant intra-articular pathology, including femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), that contributes to their hip pain and dysfunction. It is important to restore the native hip anatomy in addition to providing revascularization of necrotic areas to reduce pain, improve function, and maximize efforts to preserve the joint. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe our preferred arthroscopic approach to core decompression through the femoral neck in combination with femoral osteoplasty to address AVNFH and FAI in a single-staged and minimally invasive procedure. Technique Video Video 1 Before standard hip arthroscopy, bone marrow aspirate concentrate harvest is performed using the ipsilateral posterior superior iliac spine, with the contralateral side being used if more aspirate is needed. The patient is placed in the modified supine position. Anterolateral and midanterior portals are placed. An interportal capsulotomy is performed followed by a diagnostic arthroscopy to identify any intra-articular pathology. After any necessary central compartment work and osteoplasty of the femoral neck are performed, the focus is changed to the area of avascular necrosis of the femoral head for the core decompression. The femoral head can be distracted with traction, and the area of avascular necrosis (AVN) is verified to be viable tissue with a 3 mm–long hip probe placed in the central defect. Bleeding may be verified on the periphery of the defect. Additionally, the lateral epiphyseal blood vessels can be visualized to be intact, and blood flow can be appreciated by pulse visualization or with a Doppler ultrasound probe. Core decompression is then performed with a 1.5 mm JuggerKnot drill in a retrograde fashion to decompress the area from the femoral neck to the site of the lesion within the femoral head. Fluoroscopy can be used to confirm the trajectory and depth of the drill into the area of AVN. Multiple passes are made with the drill, and bleeding is noted with the passes after arthroscopic fluid is turned off. The number of passes is variable with the objective of stimulating bleeding throughout the defect; typically this is between 5 and 10. The shaver is used to create a suction effect to illustrate that blood is coming through the drill holes. A key aspect of this technique is the creation of a relatively large number of small-diameter tunnels rather than 1 large-diameter tunnel, with the primary aim of stimulating blood flow more diffusely throughout the area of necrosis and avoiding the creation of an unnecessarily large cortical defect. The concentrated bone marrow aspirate collected earlier is then injected into these drill holes. Last, capsular closure is performed.
| S-EPMC9705227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo identify and evaluate techniques used for postless hip arthroscopy.MethodsA narrative review was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify surgical technique articles or clinical studies describing techniques for the use of postless hip arthroscopy. Specific items sought for analysis included hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement including cam or pincer-type lesions, surgical time, traction time, traction force, bed Trendelenburg angle, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative outcomes, including complications. Exclusion criteria included any postless techniques used for open hip surgeries such as periacetabular osteotomy, sports hernia, peritrochanteric work, gluteus medius repair, ischiofemoral impingement, hamstring repair, or need for intraoperative conversion from postless to posted technique.ResultsTen studies (1 Level III, 3 Level IV, 6 Level V), published from 2007 to 2021, were analyzed (1,341 hips, 51.5% male, mean age ranged from 16.0 to 66.0 years). In 4 studies, Trendelenburg position with a foam pad (The Pink Pad; Xodus Medical, Inc.) was used at 5 to 20°. Six of 10 studies contained no clinical results. The average traction force and time ranged from 65.0 to 88 pounds and 31.0 to 73.5 minutes, respectively. The remaining studies used the yoga mat technique, the Tutankhamun technique, the beanbag technique, and the Hip Arthroscopy Post-less Procedure Impingement technique. There was only one incident of pudendal neurapraxia, which resolved spontaneously at 6 weeks without complication. Sufficient distraction was able to be obtained using postless traction in all cases.ConclusionsPostless hip arthroscopy may adequately be performed with a variety of techniques. Obtaining adequate traction and countertraction may be achieved through these postless methods.Clinical relevanceGiven the potential serious complications that may result from use of a perineal post, it is important for surgeons to be aware of postless techniques that may be used effectively for hip arthroscopy.
| S-EPMC9971859 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Differentiation between transient osteoporosis (TOH) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip is a longstanding challenge in musculoskeletal radiology. The purpose of this study was to utilize MRI-based radiomics and machine learning (ML) for accurate differentiation between the two entities. A total of 109 hips with TOH and 104 hips with AVN were retrospectively included. Femoral heads and necks with segmented radiomics features were extracted. Three ML classifiers (XGboost, CatBoost and SVM) using 38 relevant radiomics features were trained on 70% and validated on 30% of the dataset. ML performance was compared to two musculoskeletal radiologists, a general radiologist and two radiology residents. XGboost achieved the best performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 93.7% (95% CI from 87.7 to 99.8%) among ML models. MSK radiologists achieved an AUC of 90.6% (95% CI from 86.7% to 94.5%) and 88.3% (95% CI from 84% to 92.7%), respectively, similar to residents. The general radiologist achieved an AUC of 84.5% (95% CI from 80% to 89%), significantly lower than of XGboost (p = 0.017). In conclusion, radiomics-based ML achieved a performance similar to MSK radiologists and significantly higher compared to general radiologists in differentiating between TOH and AVN.
| S-EPMC8468167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo develop a deep learning methodology that distinguishes early from late stages of avascular necrosis of the hip (AVN) to determine treatment decisions.MethodsThree convolutional neural networks (CNNs) VGG-16, Inception ResnetV2, InceptionV3 were trained with transfer learning (ImageNet) and finetuned with a retrospectively collected cohort of (n = 104) MRI examinations of AVN patients, to differentiate between early (ARCO 1-2) and late (ARCO 3-4) stages. A consensus CNN ensemble decision was recorded as the agreement of at least two CNNs. CNN and ensemble performance was benchmarked on an independent cohort of 49 patients from another country and was compared to the performance of two MSK radiologists. CNN performance was expressed with areas under the curve (AUC), the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and precision, and recall and f1-scores. AUCs were compared with DeLong's test.ResultsOn internal testing, Inception-ResnetV2 achieved the highest individual performance with an AUC of 99.7% (95%CI 99-100%), followed by InceptionV3 and VGG-16 with AUCs of 99.3% (95%CI 98.4-100%) and 97.3% (95%CI 95.5-99.2%) respectively. The CNN ensemble the same AUCs Inception ResnetV2. On external validation, model performance dropped with VGG-16 achieving the highest individual AUC of 78.9% (95%CI 51.6-79.6%) The best external performance was achieved by the model ensemble with an AUC of 85.5% (95%CI 72.2-93.9%). No significant difference was found between the CNN ensemble and expert MSK radiologists (p = 0.22 and 0.092 respectively).ConclusionAn externally validated CNN ensemble accurately distinguishes between the early and late stages of AVN and has comparable performance to expert MSK radiologists.Clinical relevance statementThis paper introduces the use of deep learning for the differentiation between early and late avascular necrosis of the hip, assisting in a complex clinical decision that can determine the choice between conservative and surgical treatment.Key points• A convolutional neural network ensemble achieved excellent performance in distinguishing between early and late avascular necrosis. • The performance of the deep learning method was similar to the performance of expert readers.
| S-EPMC10853078 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a progressive disease affecting young adults that results in collapse of the femoral head and subsequent degenerative joint disease. Although precollapse stages of AVN can be successfully treated with core decompression, making the diagnosis is often difficult given alternative sources of hip pain in this age group. We propose that arthroscopic-assisted core decompression of the femoral head offers an effective method of addressing AVN of the femoral head as well as coexistent hip disorders in the same operation. This article describes in detail the technique used to perform an arthroscopic-assisted core decompression of the femoral head, and a companion video demonstrating the procedure is included. Our experience suggests that arthroscopic-assisted core decompression can be used as an alternative to open core decompression, while simultaneously addressing other sources of hip pain, with successful outcomes.
| S-EPMC3882712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Avascular necrosis of the femoral head with femoroacetabular impingement is a disabling disease. Without early treatment and intervention, its further development will even lead to hip osteoarthritis and hip dysfunction. This technical note aims to introduce a computer-assisted precise core decompression of the femoral head, followed by injection of platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow aspirate concentrate. Then, the autologous ipsilateral iliac bone is transplanted to the core decompression area. Thereafter, under hip arthroscopy, the injured glenoid lip of the hip joint is repaired, and the cam deformity of the femoral head/neck junction is polished and formed. The advantages of this technique include accurately locating the core decompression area, combined with autologous cells and bone transplantation, being able to delay the process of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and evaluating articular cartilage injury, subchondral collapse, and guidance during reaming and curettage.
| S-EPMC10150157 | biostudies-literature